Systems and methods for foldable arms

ABSTRACT

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) includes a central body, a plurality of arms extending out from the central body, and a plurality of propulsion units. Each arm of the plurality of arms includes a stem portion including a stem interior space, one or more branch portions each including a branch interior space, and a joint connecting the stem portion and the one or more branch portions. The joint includes a joint interior space and is configured to move the one or more branch portions relative to the stem portion. Each propulsion unit is attached to a corresponding arm of the plurality of arms. The stem interior space, the branch interior space, and the joint interior space are configured to provide an internal passageway to permit electrical routing between the central body and the plurality of propulsion units.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/680,073,filed Nov. 11, 2019, which is a continuation of application Ser. No.16/260,828, filed Jan. 29, 2019, now patent Ser. No. 10/472,063, whichis a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/889,881, filed Feb. 6,2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,202,191, which is a continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 15/336,584, filed Oct. 27, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No.9,914,537, which is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/CN2015/080528, filed Jun. 1, 2015, the disclosures of all of whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aerial vehicles such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used formonitoring and maintaining one or more agricultural crops. Such aerialvehicles may carry a payload that includes one or more agriculturalproducts to be delivered to the one or more agricultural crops.

Agricultural environments can be dirty environments with poor airquality. In some cases, loose dirt can be suspended in the air in anagricultural area. Pollen from crops can also increase the particulateload on the ambient air in an agricultural environment. Additionally,agricultural products such as water, seeds, pesticides, and fertilizercan be present in the air in an agricultural environment. The poor airquality can negatively affect one or more systems on board the UAV.

In some cases, agricultural UAV's can be large in order to carry heavyloads of agricultural products. The large UAVs can be cumbersome fortransport by human users and in some cases may require specializedequipment for transport.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

A need exists for systems and methods for providing an unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) that can operate in a dirty agricultural environmentwithout exposing sensitive equipment and systems to the dirty air.Furthermore, the UAV needs to have a compact size that can easily betransported while still having sufficient strength to transport largevolumes of agricultural products. Provided herein is a transformable UAVthat can be transformed to a compacted state for transport and to anextended state for use. The UAV comprises a plurality of foldable armsthat can be compacted and extended to alter the size of the UAV.Furthermore, the arms may be sealed from liquid and ambient air suchthat dirty air in the agricultural environment cannot enter one or moreinternal spaces of the UAV. The UAV further comprises an on-board airpurification and cooling system to deliver clean cool air to prevent oneor more rotors of the UAV from overheating.

In an aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) maycomprise a central body; a plurality of arms that extend out from thecentral body, each arm having one or more joints that segment the arminto a stem portion proximal to the central body and one or more branchportions distal to the central body, wherein the one or more jointspermit the one or more branch portions to move horizontally relative tothe stem portion; and a plurality of rotors, each rotor in the pluralityattached to the one or more branch portions.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Alternatively, the branch portions can form any othershapes, such as a V-shape, a U-shape, or a T-shape with the stem portionin the extended state. Movement of the one or more branch portionsbetween the extended state and the compacted state may not include anyvertical motion relative to the central body. Movement of the one ormore branch portions between the extended state and the compacted statemay include less than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include vertical motionrelative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includelateral motion relative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating an unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) can comprise providing the UAV described herein andproviding energy to the plurality of rotors, thereby generating lift forthe UAV.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of changing aconfiguration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: (1)providing a UAV comprising a central body, a plurality of arms thatextend out from the central body and each arm having one or more jointsthat segment the arm into a stem portion proximal to the central bodyand one or more branch portions distal to the central body, and aplurality of rotors and each rotor in the plurality attached to the oneor more branch portions; and (2) moving the one or more branch portionshorizontally relative to the stem portion at the one or more joints.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may not include any verticalmotion relative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includeless than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative to the centralbody. Movement of the one or more branch portions between the extendedstate and the compacted state may include vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include lateral motionrelative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV), can comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more stem portions, one or more branch portionsconfigured to attach to one or more rotors, one or more jointsconfigured to (1) connect the one or more stem portions with the one ormore branch portions, and (2) permit the one or more branch portions tomove relative to the one or more stem portions, and instructionscomprising information for a user of said UAV to assembly component(s)of (a), such that when the UAV is assembled, the assembled UAV ischaracterized in that it comprises: a central body; a plurality of armsthat extend out from the central body, each arm having the one or morejoints that segment the arm into the stem portion proximal to thecentral body and one or more branch portions distal to the central body,wherein the one or more joints permit the one or more branch portions tomove horizontally relative to the stem portion; and the plurality ofrotors, each rotor in the plurality attached to the one or more branchportions. The kit can further comprise a plurality of rotors, each rotorin the plurality configured to be attached to the one or more branchportions

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may not include any verticalmotion relative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includeless than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative to the centralbody. Movement of the one or more branch portions between the extendedstate and the compacted state may include vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include lateral motionrelative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an arm configured to support apropulsion unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise a stemportion configured to be proximal to a central body of the UAV when thearm is connected to the UAV; one or more branch portions configured tobe distal to the central body when the arm is connected to the UAV; oneor more joints configured to connect the stem portion with the one ormore branch portions, wherein the one or more joints permit the one ormore branch portions to move horizontally relative to the stem portionwhen the arm is connected to the UAV; and the propulsion unit, attachedto the one or more branch portions.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The arm can support at least two rotorblades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may not include any verticalmotion relative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includeless than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative to the centralbody. Movement of the one or more branch portions between the extendedstate and the compacted state may include vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include lateral motionrelative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. The arm can be formed from a compositetube. The composite tube can be a carbon fiber tube. Each propulsionunit can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or more blade. Eachpropulsion unit can comprise two or more blades. The propulsion unit cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cancomprise: a central body; a plurality of arms that extend out from thecentral body, each arm having one or more joints that segment the arminto a stem portion proximal to the central body and one or more branchportions distal to the central body, wherein the one or more branchportions move horizontally relative to the central body without the stemportion moving relative to the central body; and a plurality of rotors,each rotor in the plurality attached to the one or more branch portions.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may not include any verticalmotion relative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includeless than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative to the centralbody. Movement of the one or more branch portions between the extendedstate and the compacted state may include vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include lateral motionrelative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In an aspect of the disclosure a method of operating an unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) can comprise providing the UAV described herein andproviding energy to the plurality of rotors, thereby generating lift forthe UAV.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of changing aconfiguration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: (1)providing a UAV comprising a central body, a plurality of arms thatextend out from the central body and each arm having one or more jointsthat segment the arm into a stem portion proximal to the central bodyand one or more branch portions distal to the central body, and aplurality of rotors, each rotor in the plurality attached to the one ormore branch portions; and (2) moving the one or more branch portionshorizontally relative to the central body without moving the stemportion relative to the central body.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may not include any verticalmotion relative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includeless than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative to the centralbody. Movement of the one or more branch portions between the extendedstate and the compacted state may include vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include lateral motionrelative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: (1) a plurality of arm componentsincluding one or more stem portions, one or more branch portionsconfigured to attach to one or more rotors, one or more jointsconfigured to connect the one or more stem portions with the one or morebranch portions, and (2) instructions comprising information for a userof said UAV to assembly component(s) of (a), such that when the UAV isassembled. The assembled UAV is characterized in that it comprises: acentral body; a plurality of arms that extend out from the central body,each arm having the one or more joints that segment the arm into thestem portion proximal to the central body and one or more branchportions distal to the central body, wherein the one or more jointspermit the one or more branch portions to move horizontally relative tothe central body without moving the stem portion relative to the centralbody. The kit can further comprise a plurality of rotors, each rotor inthe plurality configured to be attached to the one or more branchportions.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The one or more branch portionscan move relative to the stem portion between an extended state and acompacted state. In some cases, an angle between a branch portion andthe stem portion can be greater than 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the extended state. An angle between a branch portion and the stemportion can be less than or equal to 90 degrees when the branch portionis in the compacted state. An angle between a branch portion and thestem portion when the branch portion is in an extended state can begreater than an angle between a branch portion and the stem portion whenthe branch portion is in the compacted state. A distance from thecentral body to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extendedstate can be greater than a distance from the central body to the rotorsupported by the branch portion in the compacted state. The one or morebranch portions can include at least two branch portions that form aY-shape with the stem portion when the branch portions are in theextended state. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may not include any verticalmotion relative to the central body. Movement of the one or more branchportions between the extended state and the compacted state may includeless than a 5 degree range of vertical motion relative to the centralbody. Movement of the one or more branch portions between the extendedstate and the compacted state may include vertical motion relative tothe central body. Movement of the one or more branch portions betweenthe extended state and the compacted state may include lateral motionrelative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)can comprise: a central body; a plurality of arms that extend out fromthe central body, each arm having one or more joints that segment thearm into a stem portion proximal to the central body and one or morebranch portions distal to the central body; and a plurality of rotors,each rotor in the plurality attached to the one or more branch portions,wherein the one or more joints permit a horizontal distance of eachrotor relative to the central body to be variable by a greater amountthan a vertical distance.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The distance can be variedbetween an extended state and a compacted state, wherein the distance isgreater in the extended state. The one or more branch portions caninclude at least two branch portions that form a Y-shape with the stemportion when the branch portions are in the extended state. Movement ofthe one or more branch portions between the extended state and thecompacted state may not include any vertical motion relative to thecentral body. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may include less than a 5 degreerange of vertical motion relative to the central body. Movement of theone or more branch portions between the extended state and the compactedstate may include vertical motion relative to the central body. Movementof the one or more branch portions between the extended state and thecompacted state may include lateral motion relative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise providing the UAV described herein andproviding energy to the plurality of rotors, thereby generating lift forthe UAV.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of changing aconfiguration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: (1)providing a UAV comprising a central body, a plurality of arms thatextend out from the central body and each arm having one or more jointsthat segment the arm into a stem portion proximal to the central bodyand one or more branch portions distal to the central body, and aplurality of rotors and each rotor in the plurality attached to the oneor more branch portions; and (2) varying a horizontal distance of eachrotor relative to the central body with aid of the one or more joints bya greater amount than a vertical distance.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The distance can be variedbetween an extended state and a compacted state, wherein the distance isgreater in the extended state. The one or more branch portions caninclude at least two branch portions that form a Y-shape with the stemportion when the branch portions are in the extended state. Movement ofthe one or more branch portions between the extended state and thecompacted state may not include any vertical motion relative to thecentral body. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may include less than a 5 degreerange of vertical motion relative to the central body. Movement of theone or more branch portions between the extended state and the compactedstate may include vertical motion relative to the central body. Movementof the one or more branch portions between the extended state and thecompacted state may include lateral motion relative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) may comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more stem portions, one or more branch portionsconfigured to attach to one or more rotors, one or more jointsconfigured to connect the one or more stem portions with the one or morebranch portions, and instructions comprising information for a user ofsaid UAV to assembly component(s) of (a), such that when the UAV isassembled, the assembled UAV is characterized in that it comprises: acentral body; a plurality of arms that extend out from the central body,each arm having the one or more joints that segment the arm into thestem portion proximal to the central body and one or more branchportions distal to the central body. The kit can further comprise aplurality of rotors, each rotor in the plurality configured to beattached to the one or more branch portions.

The UAV can comprise a payload. The payload can be an imaging device.The payload can be a tank that holds a liquid volume. The liquid can bewater. The liquid can be pesticide. The tank can have a nozzle thatpermits the liquid volume to be sprayed out of the tank. The payload canbe carried beneath the central body of the UAV. The payload can becarried beneath the plurality of arms. The payload can be carried on alanding support of the UAV. The plurality of arms can include at leastfour arms. The plurality of arms can include at least two arms. Each ofthe plurality of arms can support at least two rotor blades.

Each arm can have a joint connected to the stem portion and at least twobranch portions connected to the joint. The distance can be variedbetween an extended state and a compacted state, wherein the distance isgreater in the extended state. The one or more branch portions caninclude at least two branch portions that form a Y-shape with the stemportion when the branch portions are in the extended state. Movement ofthe one or more branch portions between the extended state and thecompacted state may not include any vertical motion relative to thecentral body. Movement of the one or more branch portions between theextended state and the compacted state may include less than a 5 degreerange of vertical motion relative to the central body. Movement of theone or more branch portions between the extended state and the compactedstate may include vertical motion relative to the central body. Movementof the one or more branch portions between the extended state and thecompacted state may include lateral motion relative to the central body.

The one or more joints may lock a position of the branch portionrelative to the stem portion in the extended state. The one or morejoints may use a threaded connection mechanism to lock the position ofthe branch portion. The one or more joints may use a positioning pin tolock the position of the branch portion. The positioning pin may passthrough the branch portion and the joint.

The one or more joints may each comprise a seal that isolates an innerportion of the joint from an ambient environment in the extended state.The seal can be an air tight seal. The seal can be a water tight seal.The one or more branch portions can move relative to the stem portionbetween the extended state and the compacted state with aid of manualcontact from a user. The one or more branch portions may move relativeto the stem portion between the extended state and the compacted statein response to an electronic signal to change configuration. Theelectronic signal may originate from on-board the UAV. The electronicsignal may originate from off-board the UAV. The one or more joints mayinclude at least one pivot region that allows a branch portion to pivotabout an axis with respect to the stem portion. The one or more jointsmay include a first pivot region that allows a first branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion and a second pivotregion that allows a second branch portion to pivot about an axis withrespect to the stem portion. Each arm in the plurality of arms can beformed from a composite tube. The composite tube can be a carbon fibertube. Each rotor can comprise one or more shafts to accept one or moreblade. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. The rotor cancomprise two or more shafts, each shaft configured to accept a blade.The two or more blades can be movable independently of one another. Thetwo or more blades can be moveable relative to one another. Thetransformable aerial vehicle can weigh less than about 5 kg.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an arm configured to support apropulsion unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: a stemportion configured to be proximal to a central body of the UAV when thearm is connected to the UAV; one or more branch portions configured tobe distal to the central body when the arm is connected to the UAV; ajoint configured to connect the stem portion with the one or more branchportions, wherein at least one of the stem portion, or the one or morebranch portions, are inserted within a corresponding protrusion of thejoint, and wherein a sleeve is disposed over (1) at least a portion ofthe at least one of the stem portion, or the one or more branch portionsand (2) at least a portion of the corresponding protrusion.

The sleeve can comprise a first mating feature, configured to mate witha second mating feature of the corresponding protrusion. The firstmating feature or the second mating feature can comprise a threadedinterface. The first mating feature can comprise a guide and the secondmating features can comprise a protrusion, or wherein the first matingfeature comprises a protrusion and the second mating feature comprises aguide. The arm can further comprise an arm connecting componentconfigured to connect with (1) the at least one of the stem portion, orthe one or more branch portions, and (2) the sleeve. The arm connectingcomponent can comprise a threaded interface. The arm can furthercomprise a sealing ring between the arm connecting component and the atleast one of the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. Thesleeve can isolate an inner portion of the joint from an ambientenvironment. The sleeve can form an air tight seal. The sleeve can forma water tight seal. A diameter of the stem portion and a diameter of abranch portion can be the same. A diameter of the stem portion can begreater than a diameter of a branch portion. The joint can be separablefrom the stem portion and the one or more branch portions. The joint canbe integrally formed with at least one of the stem portion.

The arm can further comprise a propulsion unit attached to the one ormore branch portions. The propulsion unit can be a rotor. The rotor cancomprise two or more blades. The rotor can comprise two or more shafts,each shaft configured to accept a blade. The two or more blades can bemovable independently of one another. The two or more blades can bemovable relative to one another.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle cancomprise a central body and a plurality of arms as described hereinextending from the central body.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an arm configured to support apropulsion unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: a stemportion of the arm; one or more branch portions of the arm; a jointconfigured to connect the stem portion with the one or more branchportions, wherein at least one of the stem portion, or the one or morebranch portions, is connected to a corresponding region of the joint viaa threaded connection.

The corresponding region of the joint can be a corresponding protrusionof the joint configured to accept at least a portion of at least one ofthe stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The arm canfurther comprise a sleeve disposed over (1) at least a portion of the atleast one of the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions and(2) at least a portion of the corresponding protrusion. The sleeve cancomprise a first mating feature, configured to mate with a second matingfeature of the corresponding protrusion. A threaded interface can beprovided on the stem portion and the one or more branch portions. Athreaded interface can be provided on the stem portion and is notprovided on the one or more branch portions. The threaded connection canbe formed via a threaded interface on an exterior surface of thecorresponding region and an interior surface of the at least one of thestem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The threadedconnection can be formed via a threaded interface on an interior surfaceof the corresponding region and an exterior surface of the at least oneof the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The threadedconnection can be formed via a threaded interface on an exterior surfaceof the corresponding region and an interior surface of the at least oneof the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The connectorcan be a sleeve disposed over (1) at least a portion of the at least oneof the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions and (2) at leasta portion of the corresponding region.

The diameter of the stem portion and a diameter of a branch portion canbe the same. A diameter of the stem portion can be greater than adiameter of a branch portion. The joint can be separable from the stemportion and the one or more branch portions. The joint can be integrallyformed with at least one of the stem portion. The arm can furthercomprise a propulsion unit attached to the one or more branch portions.The propulsion unit can be a rotor. The rotor can comprise two or moreblades. The rotor can comprise two or more shafts, each shaft configuredto accept a blade. The two or more blades can be movable independentlyof one another. The two or more blades can be movable relative to oneanother.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle cancomprise a central body and a plurality of arms as described hereinextending from the central body.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an arm configured to support apropulsion unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: a stemportion with a stem interior space; one or more branch portions with abranch interior space; and one or more joints configured to connect thestem portion with the one or more branch portions, wherein the one ormore joints provide fluidic communication between the stem interiorspace and the branch interior space.

The arm can comprise the propulsion unit attached to the one or morebranch portions. The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flowwithin the stem interior space to the branch interior space through theone or more joints. The arm can be configured to permit the fluid toflow through the branch interior space to the propulsion unit to permitcooling of the propulsion unit. The propulsion unit can include asupport that aids in the connection of the propulsion unit to the one ormore branch portions. The propulsion unit can include a motor configuredto drive one or more rotor blades. The fluid can flow to the motor topermit cooling of the motor. The fluid can be a gas. The fluid can be aliquid. The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow within thebranch interior space to the stem interior space through the one or morejoints. The arm can be configured to permit the fluid to flow throughthe branch interior space from the propulsion unit. The one or morejoints can provide fluidic communication between the stem interior spaceand the branch interior space when the stem portion and the one or morebranch portions are in the compacted state. The one or more joints maynot provide fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space when the stem portion and the one or morebranch portions are in the compacted state.

The stem portion can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the steminterior space. The one or more or more branch portions can be hollowand a hollow portion can form the branch interior space. The stemportion can be formed of a porous material and one or more pores can forthe stem interior space. The one or more branch portions can be formedof a porous material and one or more pores can for the branch interiorspace. The one or more joints can comprise one or more fluid passagewaysprovide the fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space. The one or more joints can be hollow.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),can comprise a central body; and the arm described herein extending fromthe central body. The UAV central body can include an interior space.The interior space can be configured to convey fluid to the steminterior space. The UAV can further comprise a fan that aids inconveying the fluid to the stem interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that aids in conveying the fluid to the one or morebranch portions. The central body can include a vent that permits fluidto follow into the interior space of the central body.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an arm configured to support apropulsion unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise: a stemportion with a stem interior space; a plurality of branch portions, eachwith a branch interior space; and one or more joints configured toconnect the stem portion with the plurality of branch portions, whereinthe one or more joints provide fluidic communication between the steminterior space and the branch interior space, wherein the stem interiorspace and the branch interior space are isolated from an ambientenvironment.

The arm can comprise the propulsion unit attached to the one or morebranch portions. The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flowwithin the stem interior space to the branch interior space through theone or more joints. The arm can be configured to permit the fluid toflow through the branch interior space to the propulsion unit to permitcooling of the propulsion unit. The propulsion unit can include asupport that aids in the connection of the propulsion unit to the one ormore branch portions. The propulsion unit can include a motor configuredto drive one or more rotor blades. The fluid can flow to the motor topermit cooling of the motor. The fluid can be a gas. The fluid can be aliquid. The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow within thebranch interior space to the stem interior space through the one or morejoints. The arm can be configured to permit the fluid to flow throughthe branch interior space from the propulsion unit. The one or morejoints can provide fluidic communication between the stem interior spaceand the branch interior space when the stem portion and the one or morebranch portions are in the compacted state. The one or more joints maynot provide fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space when the stem portion and the one or morebranch portions are in the compacted state.

The stem portion can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the steminterior space. The one or more or more branch portions can be hollowand a hollow portion can form the branch interior space. The stemportion can be formed of a porous material and one or more pores can forthe stem interior space. The one or more branch portions can be formedof a porous material and one or more pores can for the branch interiorspace. The one or more joints can comprise one or more fluid passagewaysprovide the fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space. The one or more joints can be hollow.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),can comprise a central body; and the arm described herein extending fromthe central body. The UAV central body can include an interior space.The interior space can be configured to convey fluid to the steminterior space. The UAV can further comprise a fan that aids inconveying the fluid to the stem interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that aids in conveying the fluid to the one or morebranch portions. The central body can include a vent that permits fluidto follow into the interior space of the central body.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)can comprise: one or more arms, each arm comprising an arm interiorspace; and one or more propulsion units supported on the one or morearms, wherein the arm interior space provides fluidic communicationbetween the one or more arms and the one or more propulsion units suchthat a forced flow is driven (1) from the propulsion unit to the arm,(2) from the arm to the propulsion unit, or (3) some combinationthereof.

The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow through the arminterior space from the central body to the one or more propulsion unitsto permit cooling of the propulsion unit. The propulsion unit caninclude a support that aids in the connection of the propulsion unit tothe arm. The propulsion unit can include a motor configured to drive oneor more rotor blades. The fluid can permit cooling of the motor. Thefluid can be a gas. The fluid can be a liquid. The arm can be configuredto permit fluid to flow through the arm interior space to the one ormore propulsion units. The arm can be configured to permit the fluid toflow through the arm interior space from the propulsion unit.

The arm can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the arm interiorspace. The arm can be formed of a porous material and one or more porescan for the arm space.

The UAV can further comprise a central body, wherein the central bodyincludes a vent that permits fluid to follow into the interior space ofthe central body. The UAV can further comprise a fan that aids inconveying the fluid to the stem interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that aids in conveying the fluid to the one or morebranch portions. The arm can include a stem portion proximal to thecentral body, and one or more branch portions configured to be distal tothe central body. The arm can further comprise one or more jointsconfigured to connect the stem portion with the one or more branchportions. The one or more joints can permit the one or more branchportions to move relative to the stem portion. The one or more jointscan comprise one or more fluid passageways.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more stem portions, one or more branch portions, oneor more joint configured to connect each of the one or more stemportions with the one or more branch portions, wherein at least one ofthe stem portion, or the one or more branch portions, are insertedwithin a corresponding protrusion of the joint, and a sleeve configuredto be disposed over (1) at least a portion of the stem portion, or theone or more branch portions and (2) at least a portion of thecorresponding protrusion; and instructions comprising information for auser of said UAV to assemble component(s) of (a), such that when the UAVis assembled, the assembled UAV is characterized in that it comprises: acentral body; and a plurality of arms that extend out from the centralbody.

The sleeve can comprise a first mating feature, configured to mate witha second mating feature of the corresponding protrusion. The firstmating feature or the second mating feature can comprise a threadedinterface. The first mating feature can comprise a guide and the secondmating features can comprise a protrusion, or wherein the first matingfeature comprises a protrusion and the second mating feature comprises aguide. The arm can further comprise an arm connecting componentconfigured to connect with (1) the at least one of the stem portion, orthe one or more branch portions, and (2) the sleeve. The arm connectingcomponent can comprise a threaded interface. The arm can furthercomprise a sealing ring between the arm connecting component and the atleast one of the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. Thesleeve can isolate an inner portion of the joint from an ambientenvironment. The sleeve can form an air tight seal. The sleeve can forma water tight seal. A diameter of the stem portion and a diameter of abranch portion can be the same. A diameter of the stem portion can begreater than a diameter of a branch portion. The joint can be separablefrom the stem portion and the one or more branch portions. The joint canbe integrally formed with at least one of the stem portion.

The arm can further comprise a propulsion unit attached to the one ormore branch portions. The propulsion unit can be a rotor. The rotor cancomprise two or more blades. The rotor can comprise two or more shafts,each shaft configured to accept a blade. The two or more blades can bemovable independently of one another. The two or more blades can bemovable relative to one another.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle cancomprise a central body and a plurality of arms as described hereinextending from the central body.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV), can comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more stem portions, one or more branch portions, andone or more joint configured to connect each of the one or more stemportions with the one or more branch portions, wherein at least one ofthe stem portions, or the one or more branch portions, are connected toa corresponding region of the joint via a threaded connection; andinstructions comprising information for a user of said UAV to assemblecomponent(s) of (a), such that when the UAV is assembled, the assembledUAV is characterized in that it comprises: a central body; and aplurality of arms that extend out from the central body.

The corresponding region of the joint can be a corresponding protrusionof the joint configured to accept at least a portion of at least one ofthe stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The arm canfurther comprise a sleeve disposed over (1) at least a portion of the atleast one of the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions and(2) at least a portion of the corresponding protrusion. The sleeve cancomprise a first mating feature, configured to mate with a second matingfeature of the corresponding protrusion. A threaded interface can beprovided on the stem portion and the one or more branch portions. Athreaded interface can be provided on the stem portion and is notprovided on the one or more branch portions. The threaded connection canbe formed via a threaded interface on an exterior surface of thecorresponding region and an interior surface of the at least one of thestem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The threadedconnection can be formed via a threaded interface on an interior surfaceof the corresponding region and an exterior surface of the at least oneof the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The threadedconnection can be formed via a threaded interface on an exterior surfaceof the corresponding region and an interior surface of the at least oneof the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions. The connectorcan be a sleeve disposed over (1) at least a portion of the at least oneof the stem portion, or the one or more branch portions and (2) at leasta portion of the corresponding region.

The diameter of the stem portion and a diameter of a branch portion canbe the same. A diameter of the stem portion can be greater than adiameter of a branch portion. The joint can be separable from the stemportion and the one or more branch portions. The joint can be integrallyformed with at least one of the stem portion. The arm can furthercomprise a propulsion unit attached to the one or more branch portions.The propulsion unit can be a rotor. The rotor can comprise two or moreblades. The rotor can comprise two or more shafts, each shaft configuredto accept a blade. The two or more blades can be movable independentlyof one another. The two or more blades can be movable relative to oneanother.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more stem portions with an interior space, one or morebranch portions with an interior space, and one or more joint configuredto connect each of the one or more stem portions with the one or morebranch portions, wherein the one or more joints provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace; and instructions comprising information for a user of said UAV toassemble component(s) of (a), such that when the UAV is assembled, theassembled UAV is characterized in that it comprises: a central body; anda plurality of arms that extend out from the central body.

The kit can further comprise a propulsion unit. The kit can comprise thepropulsion unit attached to the one or more branch portions. The arm canbe configured to permit fluid to flow within the stem interior space tothe branch interior space through the one or more joints. The arm can beconfigured to permit the fluid to flow through the branch interior spaceto the propulsion unit to permit cooling of the propulsion unit. Thepropulsion unit can include a support that aids in the connection of thepropulsion unit to the one or more branch portions. The propulsion unitcan include a motor configured to drive one or more rotor blades. Thefluid can flow to the motor to permit cooling of the motor. The fluidcan be a gas. The fluid can be a liquid. The arm can be configured topermit fluid to flow within the branch interior space to the steminterior space through the one or more joints. The arm can be configuredto permit the fluid to flow through the branch interior space from thepropulsion unit. The one or more joints can provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace when the stem portion and the one or more branch portions are inthe compacted state. The one or more joints may not provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace when the stem portion and the one or more branch portions are inthe compacted state.

The stem portion can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the steminterior space. The one or more or more branch portions can be hollowand a hollow portion can form the branch interior space. The stemportion can be formed of a porous material and one or more pores can forthe stem interior space. The one or more branch portions can be formedof a porous material and one or more pores can for the branch interiorspace. The one or more joints can comprise one or more fluid passagewaysprovide the fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space. The one or more joints can be hollow.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more stem portions with an interior space, one or morebranch portions with an interior space, and one or more joint configuredto connect each of the one or more stem portions with the one or morebranch portions, wherein the one or more joints provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace, wherein the stem interior space and the branch interior space areisolated from an ambient environment; and instructions comprisinginformation for a user of said UAV to assemble component(s) of (a), suchthat when the UAV is assembled, the assembled UAV is characterized inthat it comprises: a central body; and a plurality of arms that extendout from the central body.

The kit can further comprise a propulsion unit. The kit can comprise thepropulsion unit attached to the one or more branch portions. The arm canbe configured to permit fluid to flow within the stem interior space tothe branch interior space through the one or more joints. The arm can beconfigured to permit the fluid to flow through the branch interior spaceto the propulsion unit to permit cooling of the propulsion unit. Thepropulsion unit can include a support that aids in the connection of thepropulsion unit to the one or more branch portions. The propulsion unitcan include a motor configured to drive one or more rotor blades. Thefluid can flow to the motor to permit cooling of the motor. The fluidcan be a gas. The fluid can be a liquid. The arm can be configured topermit fluid to flow within the branch interior space to the steminterior space through the one or more joints. The arm can be configuredto permit the fluid to flow through the branch interior space from thepropulsion unit. The one or more joints can provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace when the stem portion and the one or more branch portions are inthe compacted state. The one or more joints may not provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace when the stem portion and the one or more branch portions are inthe compacted state.

The stem portion can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the steminterior space. The one or more or more branch portions can be hollowand a hollow portion can form the branch interior space. The stemportion can be formed of a porous material and one or more pores can forthe stem interior space. The one or more branch portions can be formedof a porous material and one or more pores can for the branch interiorspace. The one or more joints can comprise one or more fluid passagewaysprovide the fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space. The one or more joints can be hollow.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle can comprise a plurality of arm components including: oneor more arms with an interior space, one or more propulsion unitsconfigured to be supported on the one or more arms, wherein the arminterior space provides fluidic communication between the one or morearms and the one or more propulsion units such that fluid is forced toflow (1) from the propulsion unit to the arm, (2) from the arm to thepropulsion unit, or (3) some combination thereof, when the UAV isassembled; and instructions comprising information for a user of saidUAV to assemble component(s) of (a), such that when the UAV isassembled, the assembled UAV is characterized in that it comprises: acentral body; and a plurality of arms that extend out from the centralbody.

The kit can further comprise a propulsion unit. The kit can comprise thepropulsion unit attached to the one or more branch portions. The arm canbe configured to permit fluid to flow within the stem interior space tothe branch interior space through the one or more joints. The arm can beconfigured to permit the fluid to flow through the branch interior spaceto the propulsion unit to permit cooling of the propulsion unit. Thepropulsion unit can include a support that aids in the connection of thepropulsion unit to the one or more branch portions. The propulsion unitcan include a motor configured to drive one or more rotor blades. Thefluid can flow to the motor to permit cooling of the motor. The fluidcan be a gas. The fluid can be a liquid. The arm can be configured topermit fluid to flow within the branch interior space to the steminterior space through the one or more joints. The arm can be configuredto permit the fluid to flow through the branch interior space from thepropulsion unit. The one or more joints can provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace when the stem portion and the one or more branch portions are inthe compacted state. The one or more joints may not provide fluidiccommunication between the stem interior space and the branch interiorspace when the stem portion and the one or more branch portions are inthe compacted state.

The stem portion can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the steminterior space. The one or more or more branch portions can be hollowand a hollow portion can form the branch interior space. The stemportion can be formed of a porous material and one or more pores can forthe stem interior space. The one or more branch portions can be formedof a porous material and one or more pores can for the branch interiorspace. The one or more joints can comprise one or more fluid passagewaysprovide the fluidic communication between the stem interior space andthe branch interior space. The one or more joints can be hollow.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can comprise a plurality of arm componentsincluding: one or more arms with an interior space, one or morepropulsion units configured to be supported on the one or more arms,wherein the arm interior space provides fluidic communication betweenthe one or more arms and the one or more propulsion units such thatfluid is forced to flow (1) from the propulsion unit to the arm, (2)from the arm to the propulsion unit, or (3) some combination thereof,when the UAV is assembled; and instructions comprising information for auser of said UAV to assemble component(s) of (a), such that when the UAVis assembled, the assembled UAV is characterized in that it comprises: acentral body; and a plurality of arms that extend out from the centralbody.

The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow through the arminterior space from the central body to the one or more propulsion unitsto permit cooling of the propulsion unit. The propulsion unit caninclude a support that aids in the connection of the propulsion unit tothe arm. The propulsion unit can include a motor configured to drive oneor more rotor blades. The fluid can permit cooling of the motor. Thefluid can be a gas. The fluid can be a liquid. The arm can be configuredto permit fluid to flow through the arm interior space to the one ormore propulsion units. The arm can be configured to permit the fluid toflow through the arm interior space from the propulsion unit.

The arm can be hollow and a hollow portion can form the arm interiorspace. The arm can be formed of a porous material and one or more porescan for the arm space.

The UAV can further comprise a central body, wherein the central bodyincludes a vent that permits fluid to follow into the interior space ofthe central body. The UAV can further comprise a fan that aids inconveying the fluid to the stem interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that aids in conveying the fluid to the one or morebranch portions. The arm can include a stem portion proximal to thecentral body, and one or more branch portions configured to be distal tothe central body. The arm can further comprise one or more jointsconfigured to connect the stem portion with the one or more branchportions. The one or more joints can permit the one or more branchportions to move relative to the stem portion. The one or more jointscan comprise one or more fluid passageways.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)can comprise a central body comprising a central body interior space oneor more arms extending from the central body, each arm comprising an arminterior space, wherein the one or more arms are moveable relative tothe central body; and one or more components in the arm interior space,wherein the arm interior space provides fluidic communication betweenthe central body of the UAV and the one or more arms such that a forcedflow is driven (1) from the central body to at least a portion of thearm, (2) from the arm to the central body of the UAV, or (3) somecombination thereof.

The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow through the arminterior space from the central body to the one or more propulsion unitsto permit cooling of the propulsion unit. The fluid can be gas. Thefluid can be liquid. The arm can be hollow, and a hollow portion formsthe arm interior space. The arm can be formed of a porous material, andone or more pores form the arm interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that drives the forced flow of fluid to the arm interiorspace. The arm can include a stem portion proximal to the central body,and one or more branch portions configured to be distal to the centralbody. The arm can further comprise one or more joints configured toconnect the stem portion with the one or more branch portions. The oneor more joints can permit the one or more branch portions to moverelative to the stem portion. The one or more joints can comprise one ormore fluid passageways.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) comprises: providing the UAV, wherein the UAVcomprises a plurality of rotors, each rotor in the plurality attached tothe one or more arms; providing energy to the plurality of rotors,thereby generating lift for the UAV.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of changing aconfiguration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprises: (a)providing a UAV comprising: a central body comprising a central bodyinterior space; one or more arms extending from the central body, eacharm comprising an arm interior space, wherein the one or more arms aremoveable relative to the central body; and one or more components in thearm interior space, wherein the arm interior space provides fluidiccommunication between the central body of the UAV and the one or morearms such that a forced flow is driven (1) from the central body to atleast a portion of the arm, (2) from the arm to the central body of theUAV, or (3) some combination thereof; and (b) moving the one or morearms relative to the central body.

The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow through the arminterior space from the central body to the one or more propulsion unitsto permit cooling of the propulsion unit. The fluid can be gas. Thefluid can be liquid. The arm can be hollow, and a hollow portion formsthe arm interior space. The arm can be formed of a porous material, andone or more pores form the arm interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that drives the forced flow of fluid to the arm interiorspace. The arm can include a stem portion proximal to the central body,and one or more branch portions configured to be distal to the centralbody. The arm can further comprise one or more joints configured toconnect the stem portion with the one or more branch portions. The oneor more joints can permit the one or more branch portions to moverelative to the stem portion. The one or more joints can comprise one ormore fluid passageways.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kit for assembling an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) comprises: a central body comprising a central bodyinterior space; one or more arms adapted to extend from the central bodyand moveable relative to the central body, each arm comprising an arminterior space; and one or more components configured to receive in thearm interior space, wherein the arm interior space provides fluidiccommunication between the central body of the UAV and the one or morearms when the kit is assembled, such that a forced flow is driven (1)from the central body to at least a portion of the arm, (2) from the armto the central body of the UAV, or (3) some combination thereof.

The arm can be configured to permit fluid to flow through the arminterior space from the central body to the one or more propulsion unitsto permit cooling of the propulsion unit. The fluid can be gas. Thefluid can be liquid. The arm can be hollow, and a hollow portion formsthe arm interior space. The arm can be formed of a porous material, andone or more pores form the arm interior space. The UAV can furthercomprise a fan that drives the forced flow of fluid to the arm interiorspace. The arm can include a stem portion proximal to the central body,and one or more branch portions configured to be distal to the centralbody. The arm can further comprise one or more joints configured toconnect the stem portion with the one or more branch portions. The oneor more joints can permit the one or more branch portions to moverelative to the stem portion. The one or more joints can comprise one ormore fluid passageways.

Other objects and features of the present disclosure will becomeapparent by a review of the specification, claims, and appended figures.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in thisspecification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent asif each individual publication, patent, or patent application wasspecifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the disclosure are set forth with particularity inthe appended claims. A better understanding of the features andadvantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference tothe following detailed description that sets forth illustrativeembodiments, in which the principles of the disclosure are utilized, andthe accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 shows a UAV configured for use in an agricultural environment.

FIG. 2 shows a segmented arm of a UAV.

FIG. 3 shows a UAV in an extended state.

FIG. 4 shows a UAV in a compacted state.

FIG. 5 shows a side view of a UAV in a compacted state carrying apayload.

FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of a segmented arm of a UAV.

FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of a segmented arm of a UAV.

FIG. 8 shows an exploded view of a segmented arm of a UAV including aseal.

FIG. 9 shows an exploded view of a segmented arm of a UAV including aseal in a compacted state.

FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of a segmented arm of a UAV that does notinclude a seal.

FIG. 11 shows a UAV with an air suction system configured to circulatetreated air to one or more propulsion systems of the UAV.

FIG. 12 illustrates an unmanned aerial vehicle, in accordance with anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a movable object including a carrier and a payload,in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration by way of block diagram of a systemfor controlling a movable object, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows a UAV in which the arms are not segmented and the arms aremoveable relative to the central body through a joint that connects thearms to the central body.

FIG. 16 shows a graphical representation of design parameters that canbe chosen to maintain stability of the UAV while the UAV is in use.

FIG. 17 shows an arm of the UAV that includes interior spaces forrouting of fluid.

FIG. 18 shows a transformable arm comprising a plurality of firstconnecting portions and a second connecting portion.

FIG. 19 shows a UAV with a plurality of arms in fluid communication withthe central body of the UAV.

FIG. 20 shows a UAV with a plurality of arms in fluid communication withthe central body of the UAV with devices to drive fluid flow within thearms.

FIG. 21 shows a UAV with a plurality of arms in fluid communication withthe central body of the UAV in a compacted state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The systems, devices, and methods of the present disclosure provide anunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can be transformed between anextended configuration and a compacted configuration. The extendedconfiguration may be used during flight of the UAV. The compactedconfiguration can reduce the size of the UAV so that the UAV can betransported. The compacted configuration can permit the UAV to betransported in a passenger vehicle. The compacted configuration canpermit the UAV to be carried by a human user. One or more arms of theUAV can support one or more propulsion systems of the UAV. The one ormore arms can be folded in the compacted configuration. Description ofthe UAV may be applied to any other type of unmanned vehicle, or anyother type of movable object.

A UAV may be provided to patrol an environment to collect informationabout the environment or one or more subjects in the environment. TheUAV can provide enjoyment for recreational use by one or more users. TheUAV can be employed in an agricultural environment to deliver one ormore agricultural products to land in which crops are growing.Agricultural products can include water, pesticides, fertilizer, seeds,engineered dirt, compost, or any other product configured to produce oraid in production of one or more plant species.

The agricultural product can be stored in a container attached to theUAV. The container may be a tank, bag, or any other type of reservoir.Any description herein of a tank may apply to any other type ofcontainer which may have a rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible structure. TheUAV can bear the weight of the tank, while the UAV is in flight and/orwhile the UAV is resting on a surface (e.g., in a landed state). Thetank may be attached to any component of the UAV. For instance, the tankcan be attached to a body of the UAV. The tank can be attached to one ormore arms of the UAV. The tank can be attached to one or more landingstands/skiff of the UAV, wherein the landing stands are configured tobear weight of the UAV when the UAV is not in flight (e.g., resting on asurface).

The tank can hold a volume of fluid, such as a liquid or a gas. The tankcan hold a volume of solids, such as particulates, powders, or othersolid substances. The container can be a payload of the UAV. Theagricultural product can be sprayed from the tank while the UAV is inflight. The tank can comprise an outlet that causes the product to exitfrom the tank. For instance, the tank can comprise a nozzle that permitsa fluid volume (e.g., liquid volume) to be sprayed from the tank. TheUAV can traverse an environment and spray the agricultural productsimultaneously. The UAV can be used in a large area. A user cantransport the UAV within the large area and/or from a first area to asecond area. The UAV configuration described herein can be transformedbetween an extended state and a compacted state such that the UAV can betransported easily in the compacted state and extended for use in thearea.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 101. The UAV101 may have a body 104 with one or more arms 103 extending from thebody. One or more propulsion units 102 may permit flight of the UAV. Theone or more propulsion units 102 may be supported by the arms 103 or thebody 104 of the UAV 101.

The UAV 101 can have one or more sensors. The UAV 101 may comprise oneor more vision sensors such as an image sensor. For example, an imagesensor may be a monocular camera, stereo vision camera, radar, sonar, oran infrared camera. The UAV 101 may further comprise other sensors thatmay be used to determine a location of the UAV, such as globalpositioning system (GPS) sensors, inertial sensors which may be used aspart of or separately from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) (e.g.,accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers), lidar, ultrasonic sensors,acoustic sensors, WiFi sensors. The UAV can have sensor on board onboard the UAV that collect information directly from an environmentwithout contacting an additional component off board the UAV foradditional information or processing. For example, a sensor thatcollects data directly in an environment can be a vision or audiosensor. Alternatively, the UAV can have sensors that are on board theUAV but contact one or more components off board the UAV to collect dataabout an environment. For example, a sensor that contacts a componentoff board the UAV to collect data about an environment may be a GPSsensor or another sensor that relies on connection to a another device,such as a satellite, tower, router, server, or other external device.Various examples of sensors may include, but are not limited to,location sensors (e.g., global positioning system (GPS) sensors, mobiledevice transmitters enabling location triangulation), vision sensors(e.g., imaging devices capable of detecting visible, infrared, orultraviolet light, such as cameras), proximity or range sensors (e.g.,ultrasonic sensors, lidar, time-of-flight or depth cameras), inertialsensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units(IMUs)), altitude sensors, attitude sensors (e.g., compasses) pressuresensors (e.g., barometers), audio sensors (e.g., microphones) or fieldsensors (e.g., magnetometers, electromagnetic sensors). Any suitablenumber and combination of sensors can be used, such as one, two, three,four, five, or more sensors. Optionally, the data can be received fromsensors of different types (e.g., two, three, four, five, or moretypes). Sensors of different types may measure different types ofsignals or information (e.g., position, orientation, velocity,acceleration, proximity, pressure, etc.) and/or utilize different typesof measurement techniques to obtain data. For instance, the sensors mayinclude any suitable combination of active sensors (e.g., sensors thatgenerate and measure energy from their own energy source) and passivesensors (e.g., sensors that detect available energy). As anotherexample, some sensors may generate absolute measurement data that isprovided in terms of a global coordinate system (e.g., position dataprovided by a GPS sensor, attitude data provided by a compass ormagnetometer), while other sensors may generate relative measurementdata that is provided in terms of a local coordinate system (e.g.,relative angular velocity provided by a gyroscope; relativetranslational acceleration provided by an accelerometer; relativeattitude information provided by a vision sensor; relative distanceinformation provided by an ultrasonic sensor, lidar, or time-of-flightcamera). The sensors onboard or off board the UAV may collectinformation such as location of the UAV, location of other objects,orientation of the UAV, or environmental information. A single sensormay be able to collect a complete set of information in an environmentor a group of sensors may work together to collect a complete set ofinformation in an environment. Sensors may be used for mapping of alocation, navigation between locations, detection of obstacles, ordetection of a target.

In some embodiments, the sensors may be configured to collect data aboutan environment of the UAV while the UAV is delivering a product, such asan agricultural product. For example, the UAV may simultaneously flyaround and spray out a product while capturing image data, or othertypes of data about the environment. The UAV may deliver product inresponse to data captured by one or more sensors on-board the UAV.

Any description herein of a UAV 101 may apply to any type of movableobject. The description of a UAV may apply to any type of unmannedmovable object (e.g., which may traverse the air, land, water, orspace). The UAV 101 may be capable of responding to commands from aremote controller. The remote controller may be not connected to the UAV101, the remote controller may communicate with the UAV wirelessly froma distance. In some instances, the UAV 101 may be capable of operatingautonomously or semi-autonomously. The UAV 101 may be capable offollowing a set of pre-programmed instructions. In some instances, theUAV 101 may operate semi-autonomously by responding to one or morecommands from a remote controller while otherwise operatingautonomously. For instance, one or more commands from a remotecontroller may initiate a sequence of autonomous or semi-autonomousactions by the UAV 101 in accordance with one or more parameters.

An aerial vehicle can be a UAV. The UAV 101 may have one or morepropulsion units 102 that may permit the UAV 101 to move about in theair. The one or more propulsion units 102 can be provided on an arm 103of the UAV 101. The arm 103 can be connected to a body 104 of the UAV101 on a proximal end of the arm 103. One or more propulsion units 102can be connected to a distal end of the arm 103. The one or morepropulsion units 102 may enable the UAV 101 to move about one or more,two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or moredegrees of freedom. In some instances, the UAV 101 may be able to rotateabout one, two, three or more axes of rotation. The axes of rotation maybe orthogonal to one another. The axes of rotation may remain orthogonalto one another throughout the course of the UAV's flight. The axes ofrotation may include a pitch axis, roll axis, and/or yaw axis. The UAV101 may be able to move along one or more dimensions. For example, theUAV 101 may be able to move upwards due to the lift generated by one ormore rotors. In some instances, the UAV 101 may be capable of movingalong a Z axis (which may be up relative to the UAV orientation), an Xaxis, and/or a Y axis (which may be lateral). The UAV may be capable ofmoving along one, two, or three axes that may be orthogonal to oneanother.

The UAV may be a rotorcraft. In some instances, the UAV may be amulti-rotor craft that may include a plurality of rotors. The pluralityof rotors may be capable of rotating to generate lift for the UAV. Therotors may permit the UAV to take off and/or land vertically. The rotorsmay be propulsion units that may enable the UAV to move about freelythrough the air. The rotors may rotate at the same rate and/or maygenerate the same amount of lift or thrust. The rotors may optionallyrotate at varying rates, which may generate different amounts of lift orthrust and/or permit the UAV to rotate. In some instances, one, two,three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more rotors may beprovided on a UAV. The rotors may be arranged so that their axes ofrotation are parallel to one another. In some instances, the rotors mayhave axes of rotation that are at any angle relative to one another,which may affect the motion of the UAV.

The UAV shown may have a plurality of rotors. The rotors may connect tothe body of the UAV which may comprise a control unit, one or moresensors, a processor, and a power source. The sensors may include visionsensors and/or other sensors that may collect information about the UAVenvironment. The information from the sensors may be used to determine alocation of the UAV. The rotors may be connected to the body via one ormore arms or extensions that may branch from a central portion of thebody. For example, one or more arms may extend radially from a centralbody of the UAV, and may have rotors at or near the ends of the arms.

A vertical position and/or velocity of the UAV may be controlled bymaintaining and/or adjusting output to one or more propulsion units ofthe UAV. For example, increasing the speed of rotation of one or morerotors of the UAV may aid in causing the UAV to increase in altitude orincrease in altitude at a faster rate. Increasing the speed of rotationof the one or more rotors may increase the thrust of the rotors.Decreasing the speed of rotation of one or more rotors of the UAV mayaid in causing the UAV to decrease in altitude or decrease in altitudeat a faster rate. Decreasing the speed of rotation of the one or morerotors may decrease the thrust of the one or more rotors. When a UAV istaking off, the output provided to the propulsion units may be increasedfrom its previous landed state. When the UAV is landing, the outputprovided to the propulsion units may be decreased from its previousflight state. The UAV may be configured to take off and/or land in asubstantially vertical manner.

A lateral position and/or velocity of the UAV may be controlled bymaintaining and/or adjusting output to one or more propulsion units ofthe UAV. The altitude of the UAV and the speed of rotation of one ormore rotors of the UAV may affect the lateral movement of the UAV. Forexample, the UAV may be tilted in a particular direction to move in thatdirection and the speed of the rotors of the UAV may affect the speed ofthe lateral movement and/or trajectory of movement. Lateral positionand/or velocity of the UAV may be controlled by varying or maintainingthe speed of rotation of one or more rotors of the UAV.

The body 104 of the UAV 101 may be a central body. The central body mayinclude a housing that may partially or completely enclose one or moreelectrical components therein. For instance, a flight control unit, oneor more navigation units (e.g., GPS unit), communication units (e.g.,wireless communication units), sensors, and/or power units may beprovided within the central body.

The arms 103 of the UAV 101 can be tubes or rods. The proximal ends ofthe arms may be connected to the central body. The arms may beseparately formed from the central body and/or a housing of the centralbody. The arms may be detachable from the central body and/or housing ofthe central body. Alternatively, the arms are not detachable. In someinstances, the arms may be integrally formed with the central bodyand/or housing of the central body. The arms of the UAV can have acircular cross section. The arms of the UAV can have a square orrectangular cross section. The arms of the UAV can have an ellipticalcross section. The arms of the UAV can be hollow tubes. The arms of theUAV can be solid tubes. The arms of the UAV can be formed from ametallic, plastic, or composite material. The arms of the UAV can beformed from a lightweight material. The arms of the UAV can be formedfrom carbon fiber.

A UAV in an extended state may be of large dimensions. The UAV in acompacted state may be of small dimensions. A UAV may have smallerdimensions when in a compacted state, than when the UAV is in anextended state. A footprint of a UAV may be larger in an extended statethan in a compacted state. The height of the UAV may or may not changewhen the UAV changes between a compacted state and an extended state.The UAV may be capable of being lifted and/or carried by a human whenthe UAV is in the compacted state. The UAV may be capable of beingcarried by a human in one hand when the UAV is in a compacted state.

The UAV may have a greatest dimension (e.g., length, width, height,diagonal, diameter) of no more than 100 cm. In some instances, thegreatest dimension may be less than or equal to 1 mm, 5 mm, 1 cm, 3 cm,5 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 45 cm, 50cm, 55 cm, 60 cm, 65 cm, 70 cm, 75 cm, 80 cm, 85 cm, 90 cm, 95 cm, 100cm, 110 cm, 120 cm, 130 cm, 140 cm, 150 cm, 160 cm, 170 cm, 180 cm, 190cm, 200 cm, 220 cm, 250 cm, or 300 cm. Optionally, the greatestdimension of the UAV may be greater than or equal to any of the valuesdescribed herein. The UAV may have a greatest dimension falling within arange between any two of the values described herein. Such greatestdimension for the UAV may be provided when the UAV is in an extendedstate. Optionally, such greatest dimension for the UAV may be providedwhen the UAV is in a compacted state. A greatest dimension of the UAV ina compacted state may be less than or equal to 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,90% of a greatest dimension of the UAV in an extended state.

The UAV 101 may be lightweight UAV. For example, the UAV may weigh lessthan or equal to 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g, 3g, 5 g, 7 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g,60 g, 70 g, 80 g, 90 g, 100 g, 120 g, 150 g, 200 g, 250 g, 300 g, 350 g,400 g, 450 g, 500 g, 600 g, 700 g, 800 g, 900 g, 1 kg, 1.1 kg, 1.2 kg,1.3 kg, 1.4 kg, 1.5 kg, 1.7 kg, 2 kg, 2.2 kg, 2.5 kg, 3 kg, 3.5 kg, 4kg, 4.5 kg, 5 kg, 5.5 kg, 6 kg, 6.5 kg, 7 kg, 7.5 kg, 8 kg, 8.5 kg, 9kg, 9.5 kg, 10 kg, 11 kg, 12 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg, 15 kg, 17 kg, or 20 kg.The UAV may have a weight greater than or equal to any of the valuesdescribed herein. The UAV may have a weight falling within a rangebetween any two of the values described herein.

FIG. 2 shows an arm 203 of the UAV. An arm of the UAV can extend outfrom the body of the UAV. The arm can be configured to support one ormore propulsion units of the UAV. The arm may extend the one or morepropulsion units away from the body of the UAV when the UAV is inflight. The arm can comprise one or more joints 201. The one or morejoints 201 can segment the arm into a stem portion 202 and one or morebranch portions 203. The stem portion may be a portion of the armproximal to the central body. The stem portion may be directly supportedby the body or connected to the body. In some cases, the stem portioncan be integrally formed with the body. The body and one or more stemportions can be a single piece. In some instances, a single stem portionmay be provided on an arm. Alternatively, multiple stem portions may beprovided on the arm. The one or more branch portions may be a portion ofthe arm distal to the central body. In some implementations, the one ormore branch portions may not directly contact or be connected to thebody. The one or more branch portions may be supported by the stem,which may be supported by the central body. Any number of branchportions may be provided. For instance, one or more, two or more, threeor more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, oreight or more branch portions may be provided on the arm. In someembodiments, multiple branch portions may be supported by the stemportion. Two branch portions can extend from the stem portion to form ay-shaped arm. The joint may be used to connect the stem portion and theone or more branch portions. In some cases, the joint can be integrallyformed with the stem portion. The joint and one or more stem portionscan be a single piece. Additionally or alternatively, the joint can beintegrally formed with the one or more branch portions. The joint andone or more of the one or more branch portions can be a single piece. Insome cases, more than two branch portions can extend from the stemportion. The branch portions can be symmetric about a longitudinal axisof the stem portion. Alternatively, the branch portions can beasymmetric about a longitudinal axis of the stem portion. The stemportion can connect to the body of the UAV on a proximal end of the stemportion. The stem portion can connect to the joint on a distal end ofthe stem portion. The one or more branch portions can connect to thejoint on a proximal end of each of the branch portions.

In some cases, the arm can comprise a transformable stem portion asshown in FIG. 18. The transformable stem portion 1800 can comprise twoor more first connection portions 1801. The first connection portions1801 can be connected to a second connection portion 1802. The firstconnection portions and the second connection portion can be connectedby a joint 1803. The joint can have any features of the joints describedherein. Similarly the first connection portions can each be connected toone or more branch portions 203. The one or more branch portions canhave any characteristics of the branch portions described herein. Thebranch portions can be connected to the first connection portions by ajoint 1804. The joint can have any characteristics of a joint describedherein. The first connection portions can move horizontally relative tothe second connection portion. The first connection portions can movehorizontally relative to the central body of the UAV. The firstconnection portions can move vertically relative to the secondconnection portion. The first connection portions can move verticallyrelative to the central body of the UAV. The first connection portionscan move laterally relative to the second connection portion. The firstconnection portions can move laterally relative to the central body ofthe UAV. The first connection portions can be rotatable relative to thesecond connection portion. The first connection portions can berotatable relative to the central body of the UAV. The second connectionportion can move horizontally relative to the central body of the UAV.The second connection portion can move vertically relative to thecentral body of the UAV. The second connection portion can movelaterally relative to the central body of the UAV. The second connectionportion can be rotatable relative to the central body of the UAV.

The branch portion can be moved relative to the stem portion totransform the UAV between extended and compacted states. The branchportion may be movable relative to the stem portion. An angle betweenthe branch portion and the stem portion may be alterable while the stemportion and the branch portion remain connected to the joint. The branchportion may be horizontally movable relative to the stem portion.Horizontal movement may include movement along a plane thatsubstantially passes through the central body of the UAV and multiplearms of the UAV. Horizontal movement may include movement along a planethat substantially passes through all the joints of the UAV arms.Horizontal movement may be movement laterally with respect to a UAV bodyorientation.

In some cases, an angle between the branch portion and the stem portioncan be greater than 90° when the branch portion is in an extended state.In some cases, an angle between the branch portion and the stem portioncan be less than 90° when the branch portion is in a compacted state. Anangle between the branch portion and the stem portion can be greaterthan a threshold angle when the branch portion is in an extended state,and an angle between the branch portion and the stem portion can be lessthan a threshold angle branch portion is in a compacted state. Thethreshold angle may have any numerical value, such as 30 degrees, 45degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees, 105 degrees, 120 degrees,135 degrees, or 150 degrees. In some cases, an angle between a branchportion and the stem portion when the branch portion is in an extendedstate can be greater than an angle between a branch portion and the stemportion when the branch portion is in the compacted state. In someembodiments, the angle values between the branch portion and the stemportion in the extended and compacted states may be selected based on anumber of arms of the UAV.

The branch portions can connect to one or more propulsions units on adistal end of each of the branch portions. The propulsion units may beat or near a distal end of the branch portion. The propulsion units maybe within less than or equal to 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%,40%, or 50% of the distal end of the branch portion along the length ofthe branch portion. In some cases, the propulsion unit can include oneor more rotor. Each rotor can have one or more shafts configured toaccept one or more blades. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades.Each rotor can comprise two or more shafts with each shaft configured toaccept a blade. Each of the blades can be movable relative to otherblades. Two or more blades can be movable relative to one another.Blades on different shafts may be movable relative to one another. Insome instances, a user may manually move blades relative to one anotherwhen the UAV is powered off. A user may fold the blades inwards when theUAV is in a compacted state to reduce the footprint of the UAV. The usermay fold the blades outward when the UAV is in an extended state.Alternatively, the user need not fold the blade outward, and the bladesmay come outwards when the rotors are spinning. In some instances, theblades may rotate freely on their corresponding shafts.

The branch portion can be moved relative to the stem portion totransform the UAV between extended and compacted states, such that thelocation of the one or more rotors relative to the body of the UAVchanges as the UAV is transformed between extended and compacted states.For instance, a distance from the body of the UAV (e.g., central body)to a rotor supported by a branch portion in the extended state can begreater than a distance from the body of the UAV (e.g., central body) toa rotor supported by a branch portion in the compacted state. When theUAV is transformed a horizontal distance between the rotor and thecentral body can be variable by a greater amount than a correspondingvertical distance. When the UAV is in a compacted state, a rotor may nothave enough space to rotate because it may be in close proximity to thebody of the UAV, other rotors, and/or arms of the UAV.

The UAV can be transformed between extended and compacted states bymoving one or more of the branch portions relative to the stem portionto which the one or more branch portions are attached. The UAV can betransformed between extended and compacted states by moving one or morebranch portions relative to a central body of the UAV. The one or morebranch portions may move horizontally with respect to the central bodyof the UAV. In some embodiments, the stem portions may not move whilethe UAV is transformed. The stem portion may remain stationary withrespect to the UAV body. The one or more branch portions may move withrespect to the body of the UAV while the stem portion does not move withrespect to the body of the UAV. In alternate embodiments, the stemportion may move relative to the UAV body. In some cases, transformationof the UAV between extended and compacted states may not includevertical motion of the one or more branch portions relative to the bodyof the UAV. In some cases, transformation of the UAV between extendedand compacted states may not include vertical motion of the one or morebranch portions relative to the stem portion. In some implementations,transformation of the UAV between extended and compacted states may notinclude vertical motion of the rotors with respect to the body of theUAV, or with respect to a joint of the arm. Transformation of the UAVbetween extended and compacted states may include horizontal motion ofthe branch with respect to the stem, horizontal motion of the branchwith respect to a central body of the UAV, and/or horizontal movement ofa rotor with respect to a central body of the UAV. In some alternatecases, transformation of the UAV between extended and compacted statesmay not include horizontal motion of the one or more branch portionsrelative to the body of the UAV. In some cases, transformation of theUAV between extended and compacted states may include at most about 1°,3°, 5°, 7°, 10°, 15°, 20°, or 30° of vertical motion of the one or morebranch portions relative to the body of the UAV, one or more branchportions relative to the stem portion, and/or rotors with respect to thebody of the UAV or a joint. In some cases, transformation of the UAVbetween extended and compacted states may include vertical motion of theone or more branch portions relative to the body of the UAV.Alternatively, little or no vertical motion may be provided as a resultof transformation of the UAV between extended and compacted states. Thearms of the UAV may remain substantially coplanar between the extendedand the compacted states. The branch portions of multiple arms of theUAV may remain substantially coplanar between extended and compactedstates. In some cases, transformation of the UAV between extended andcompacted states may include lateral motion of the one or more branchportions relative to the body of the UAV. In some cases, transformationof the UAV between extended and compacted states may include rotationalmotion of the one or more branch portions relative to the body of theUAV.

The stem portion can be a tube or a rod. The stem portion can have acircular cross section. The stem portion can have a square orrectangular cross section. The stem portion can have an elliptical crosssection. A major (i.e. longer) axis of the elliptical cross section maybe horizontally oriented with respect to the UAV. This may result instem portion being wider than it is tall. Alternatively, the major (i.e.longer) axis of the elliptical cross section may be vertically oriented.This may result in the stem portion being taller than it is wide. Thestem portion can be a hollow tube. The stem portion can be a solid tube.The stem portion can be formed from a metallic, plastic, or compositematerial. The stem portion can be formed from a lightweight material.The stem portion can be formed from carbon fiber.

The branch portions can be a tube or a rod. The branch portions can havea circular cross section. The branch portions can have a square orrectangular cross section. The branch portions can have an ellipticalcross section. A major (i.e. longer) axis of the elliptical crosssection may be horizontally oriented with respect to the UAV. This mayresult in stem portion being wider than it is tall. Alternatively, themajor (i.e. longer) axis of the elliptical cross section may bevertically oriented. This may result in the stem portion being tallerthan it is wide. The branch portions can be hollow tubes. The branchportions can be solid tubes. The branch portions can be formed from ametallic, plastic, or composite material. The branch portions can beformed from a lightweight material. The branch portions can be formedfrom carbon fiber.

In some cases, the stem portion and one or more of the branch portionscan have the same cross sectional shape. The stem portion and one ormore of the branch portions can have different cross sectional shapes.The stem portion and one or more of the branch portions can have thesame diameter (or other dimension such as width, minor axis, major axis,etc.). One or more of the branch portions can have a smaller diameterthan the stem portion. The dimensions of the branch portioncross-sections may be the same or different from the dimensions of thestem portion cross-sections. In some instances, one or more dimensionsof the stem portion cross-section may be greater than one or moredimensions of the branch portion cross-sections. One or more of thebranch portions can be configured to fit into the stem portion. One ormore of the branch portions can have a larger diameter than the stemportion. One or more of the branch portions can be configured to fitover the stem portion.

A length of the stem portions and a length of at least one or morebranch portions can be substantially equivalent. All of the branchportions can have the same length. Alternatively, one or more of thebranch portions can have a length that is different from one or moreother branch portions. The stem portion and at least one of the one ormore branch portions can have different lengths. In some cases, the stemportion can be at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,90%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, or 300% longer than one or more of thebranch portions. In some cases, the stem portion can be at least about10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, or300% shorter than one or more of the branch portions.

The stem and at least one of the branch portions can be permanentlyconnected. The stem and at least one of the branch portions can beremovably connected. The stem and branch portions may be detached andre-attached. The stem and the branch portions can be connected at thejoint. The joint can permit movement of the one or more branch portionsrelative to the stem portion. The joint can permit lateral androtational movement of the one or more branch portions. The joint can bea hinge, ball and socket, or sliding joint. In some cases, the joint canbe a rigid connection that does not permit movement of the one or morebranch portions relative to the stem portion. The joint can comprise athreaded connection, pin connection, magnetic connection, flangeconnection, or any other form of mechanical coupling. The joint may behollow or have one or more internal passages or cavities.

The stem and the branch portions can be hollow to permit fluid and/orelectrical routing from the body of the UAV to one or more rotors on thedistal ends of the branch portions. The stem and/or branch portions cancomprise one or more internal channels along the length of the stemand/or branch portion to permit internal fluid and/or electricalrouting. The joint may also comprise one or more internal channels thatpermit internal fluid and/or electrical routing. An internal channel ofa stem portion may be in fluidic communication with an internal channelof a branch portion. The internal channel of the stem portion may be influidic communication with an internal portion of a joint, which may bein fluidic communication with the internal channel of the branchportion. In some cases, a power source such as a battery, a generator,or a combustion engine can be provided in the body of the UAV. The oneor more rotors can be in electrical communication with the power sourcethrough electrical transmission lines routed through the stem and/orbranch portions. The electrical transmission lines may be routed throughthe stem portion, a portion of the joint, and one or more branchportions. Power can be transmitted to the power source through theelectrical transmission lines. Other electrical signals, to and/or fromthe rotors may be transmitted through the electrical transmission lines.

FIG. 3 shows a UAV 101 with a plurality of arms 103 extending from thebody 104 of the UAV. The UAV shown in FIG. 3 is in an extended state. Apropulsion unit 102 can be attached to a distal end of each branchportion. Each propulsion unit 102 can comprise one or more rotor blades301. The one or more rotor blades can be folded or extended. In a foldedstate a longitudinal axis of the rotor blades can be parallel to alongitudinal axis of the branch portion on which the rotor is attached.The rotors shown in FIG. 3 are in a folded state with the rotor bladesfolded. In an extended state the longitudinal axis of the rotor bladecan be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the branch portion onwhich the rotor blade is attached. In some cases, the longitudinal axisof the rotor blade can be at an angle greater than zero degrees relativeto the longitudinal axis of the branch portion on which the rotor bladeis attached when the rotor blade is in an extended state.

The UAV may have any number of arms. For example, the UAV may have fourarms, as illustrated. In other embodiments, the UAV may have two, three,four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more arms. The arms may bespaced apart evenly. The arms may extend from the central body of theUAV so that the same angle is between each arm. For instance, if N armsare provided, the angle between the arms may be 360/N. For instance, iffour arms are provided, the angles between the arms may be 90 degrees.If six arms are provided, the angles between the arms may be 60 degrees.Alternatively, the arms need not be evenly spaced apart.

When in an extended state, the propulsion units of the UAV may berelatively evenly spaced apart. The distance from a propulsion unit tothe adjacent propulsion units may be relatively similar. For instance, adistance from a first propulsion unit 102 a to a second propulsion unit102 b may be relatively similar to a distance between the firstpropulsion unit 102 a to a third propulsion unit 102 c. These distancesmay vary by less than about 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%.These distances may vary by less than about 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 10cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, or 30 cm. In some instances, angles of thebranch portions with respect to the stem portion in in the extendedstate may be selected to provide this even spacing of the propulsionunits.

In some cases, the angles of the branch portions with respect to thestem portion in in the extended state may be selected such that the UAVmaintains stable operation during use. Similarly the length of the oneor more branch portions can be chosen such that the UAV maintains stableoperation during use. FIG. 16 shows a graphical representation of thearms. An area 1601 around the arms can be represented by a boundingcircle. The bounding circle can have a radius R. The radius R can bemeasured from a point where the one or more arms connects to the body ofthe UAV to a tip of the arm. The tip of the arm can be the distal end ofone or more branch portions.

A chord 1602 can be drawn between two or more distal ends of two or morebranch portions that extend from the same stem portion. The chord canconnect the two or more distal ends of the two or more branch portionsthat extend from the same stem portion. A line 1602 can be drawn alongthe length of the stem portion to the chord. The line can bisect thechord. The line and a half of the chord can form a right angle. The linecan be perpendicular to the chord. A hypotenuse 1603 can connect and endof the line and an end of the chord to form a triangle. The triangle canbe a right triangle. The hypotenuse can substantially overlap with alongitudinal axis of a branch portion that extends from the stemportion. The length of the hypotenuse can be represented by variable L1.The length of the hypotenuse can be equal to the length of the branchportion. An angle between the hypotenuse and the stem portion can berepresented by α. The angle α can be the angle between the stem portionand the branch portion.

The length L1 and the angle α can be variable design parametersdetermined by the length of the one or more branch portions and theangle between each branch portion and each stem portion to which thebranch portions are connected. The design parameters L1 and α can bechosen such that the UAV has stable operation. The design parametersthat permit stable operation can be dependent on the number of stemsand/or the number of branches of the UAV. In some cases, the designparameters can be chosen such that the following relationship issatisfied,

${L\;{1 \cdot {\sin\left( {{180{^\circ}} - \alpha} \right)} \cdot 2}} = {R \cdot {\sin\left( \frac{180{^\circ}}{2n} \right)} \cdot 2.}$

where n can be the number of stem portions or the number of branchportions.

The UAV may be capable of flight while in the extended state. A UAV maybe transformed from a compacted state to an extended state with manualaid of a user. A user may manually move the branch portions to put theUAV in the extended state. In some instances, a user may manually lockthe branch portions into an extended position, as described in greaterdetail elsewhere herein. In alternate embodiments, the UAV can betransformed into an extended state in response to an electronic signalthat provides a command to transform from the extended state to thecompacted state. The electronic signal can originate from a systemon-board the UAV. The electronic signal can originate from a systemoff-board the UAV. Such transformation may occur without requiringmanual interference from the user. One or more actuators may be providedon the arms that may respond to signal and effect transformation of theUAV.

FIG. 4 shows the UAV 101 in a compacted state. The UAV can fit into asmaller volume in the compacted state compared to the extended state. Insome embodiments, the volume taken up by the UAV in a compacted statemay be less than or equal to about 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%,20%, 15%, or 10% of the volume taken up by the UAV in an extended state.In some embodiments, a footprint of the UAV (e.g., lateralcross-section) taken up by the UAV in a compacted state may be less thanor equal to about 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, or 10% ofthe footprint taken up by the UAV in an extended state. In someembodiments, a maximum dimension of the UAV in a compacted state may beless than or equal to 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, or10% of the maximum dimension of the UAV in an extended state. A heightof the UAV may or may not change between the compacted state and theextended state. A weight of the UAV may or may not change between thecompacted state and the extended state.

The UAV may not be capable of locomotion (e.g., flight) in the compactedstate. When the UAV is in the compacted state the UAV can have a volumethat permits the user to carry the UAV. When the UAV is in the compactedstate the UAV can have a volume that permits the UAV to be placed in avehicle for transport of the UAV. The compacted state may advantageouslycause the UAV to take up less space for ease of transport. For instance,a UAV may more easily fit into a vehicle, or more UAVs may be fit ontothe same vehicle. Similarly, a user may more easily handle or carry aUAV when in a compacted state compared to an extended state.

A user can transform the UAV from the extended state to the compactedstate. For instance, the user may manually move the branch portions totransform the UAV from the extended state to the compacted state. Theuser may or may not unlock the branch portions from their extendedconfiguration prior to moving the branch portions. A user may or may notlock the branch portions into a compacted state. The UAV canautomatically transition from the extended state to the compacted statewithout intervention by a user. The UAV can be transformed from anextended state to a compacted state in response to an electronic signalthat provides a command to transform from the extended state to thecompacted state. The electronic signal can originate from a systemon-board the UAV. The electronic signal can originate from a systemoff-board the UAV. Such transformation may occur without requiringmanual interference from the user. One or more actuators may be providedon the arms that may respond to signal and effect transformation of theUAV.

A method of deployment of a UAV may be provided. The method may includeproviding the UAV in a compact state while the UAV is transported. Forinstance, a UAV may be transported from a first area to a second area.The UAV may be transported with aid of a motor vehicle, a manual vehicle(e.g., cart or wagon), or may be carried by an individual. The UAV maybe transported while in its compacted state. In some embodiments,multiple UAVs may be transported together in their compacted state.Providing the UAVs in their compacted state may permit greater ease oftransportation. When the UAV has reached its destination, the UAV may beput into a position from which the UAV will take off. The UAV may beunloaded from a motor or manual vehicle. The UAV may be manually placedat a location. The UAV may be more easily carried from a vehicle to thelocation by the user in its compacted state.

The UAV may be transformed from the compacted state to the extendedstate. The UAV may be manually transformed by the user, or may beautomatically transformed in response to a signal, as previouslydescribed. In some embodiments, a UAV may be locked into an extendedstate. In some instances, multiple UAVs may be deployed at an area.

When the UAV is finalized in its extended state, the UAV may be poweredon and/or instructed to fly. In some instances, the UAV is powered onafter it is transformed into its extended state. For instance if a useris manually adjusting the arms of the UAV, it may be desirable to keepthe UAV powered off to prevent the rotors from turning on while the useris adjusting the arms. In some instances, the UAV may be able to detectif the UAV is not yet locked into the extended state and may preventpropulsion units from operating, even if the UAV is powered on, until itis verified that the UAV is in the extended state. A UAV may beprevented from causing operation of the propulsion units while the UAVis in a compacted state, while the UAV is being transformed betweenextended and compacted states. This may be a safety feature that mayhelp prevent injury to a user of the UAV. Similarly, it may prevent auser from accidentally turning on the UAV while it is in a compactedstate, which could cause damage to the UAV or injury to bystanders. TheUAV may be capable of flight only in its extended state. The UAV may betransformed between states while the UAV is landed and not in flight. Insome instances, the UAV may be powered on before it is transformed intoits extended state. For instance, if the UAV is automaticallytransforming in response to a signal, the UAV may be powered on toreceive the signal and effect the transformation.

When the UAV is in its extended state, it may take-off and fly. The UAVmay optionally deliver a product, such as an agricultural product, toits environment. The UAV may collect information about its environment.The UAV may communicate with a remote terminal. The remote terminal mayprovide signals for the UAV flight, for delivery product, and/orcollection of information.

In the compacted state, the stem portion 202 of the arm can be in thesame position as in the extended state. The orientation of the stemportion of the arm may not change when the UAV transitions from theextended state to the compacted state. The orientation of the branchportion 203 with respect to the UAV body may change when the UAVtransitions from the extended state to the compacted state. Each branchportion can be arranged substantially parallel to a perimeter edge ofthe body of the UAV when the UAV is in the compacted state. A branchportion of a UAV on an arm may be substantially parallel (e.g., have anangular deviation of 1 degree or less, 3 degrees or less, 5 degrees orless, or 10 degrees or less) to another branch portion on an adjacentarm. Each branch portion can be moved horizontally relative to the stemportion to transform the UAV from the extended state to the compactedstate. Each branch portion can be moved horizontally byrotating/pivoting the branch portion about the joint which connects thebranch portion to the corresponding stem portion. The branch portion mayswing laterally between the extended state and the compacted state.Little or no vertical motion may be provided when the branch portionswings between the extended state and the compacted state. In someinstances, vertical motion may be provided. The vertical motion may beless than the lateral motion. The amount of vertical motion may be lessthan or equal to about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,or 90% of the amount of horizontal motion.

The one or more rotor blades 301 can be in a folded state when the UAVis in a compacted state. In a folded state, a longitudinal axis of therotor blade can be parallel to a longitudinal axis of the branch portionon which the rotor blade is attached.

In some cases, the UAV can be in a compacted state where the arms 103are folded vertically as shown in FIG. 15. In a compacted state therotors 102 attached to the branch portions can be below the central body104 of the UAV. In some cases, the arm may not be segmented into two ormore portions. The arm can be connected to the central body by a joint.The entire arm can be moveable relative the central body about thejoint. In some cases, the arm can be segmented into a stem portion andone or more branch portions. The stem portions and the one or morebranch portions can be connected by a joint. Alternatively the one ormore branch portions can be connected to a joint that connects to thecentral body of the UAV. The arm may not have a stem portion. The one ormore branch portions may not be separated from the central body of theUAV by a stem portion. The one or more branch can move horizontallyrelative to the central body of the UAV. The one or more branch portionscan move vertically relative to the central body of the UAV.

FIG. 5 shows a side view of a UAV 101 in a compacted state. The centralbody 104 of the UAV can be supported by one or more legs 502. The legscan comprise a landing skiff. The legs can be rested on a surface whenthe UAV is landed. The legs can be configured to absorb force when theUAV lands. The arms of the UAV can be co-planar with the central body ofthe UAV. In some cases, a payload 501 can be attached to the UAV. Thepayload can be attached to the central body of the UAV. The payload canbe attached to one or more of the legs. The legs can provide aseparation distance between the UAV and the payload.

A compass 503 can be attached to the central body of the UAV. Thecompass can extend from the central body of the UAV. The compass can bein communication with one or more navigation units on-board the UAV. Thecompass can be configured to determine a directional heading of the UAV.The compass can transmit the directional heading of the UAV to one ormore processors of a navigation control system on-board the UAV.

The UAV can hold a payload 501. The payload can be a tank that holds avolume of liquid. The tank can comprise a cap 504 that permits a user torefill the tank. The tank can hold an agricultural product. The tank canbe attached to a body of the UAV. The tank can be attached to a landingskiff (e.g., legs) of the UAV. When the tank is connected to the landingskiff the tank can be separated from the body of the UAV. Contents ofthe tank can be prevented from contaminating the body of the UAV by theprovided separation distance. In some cases, the UAV can detect a systemfailure that can cause the UAV to crash. When the system failure isdetected, the UAV can eject the tank from the legs prior to crashing.The container can be a payload of the UAV. The agricultural product canbe sprayed from the tank while the UAV is in flight. The tank cancomprise a nozzle that permits the liquid volume to be sprayed from thetank. The UAV can traverse and environment and spray the agriculturalproduct simultaneously. In some cases, the payload can be a visionsensor such as a camera.

FIG. 6 shows an arm 103 that can be provided on the UAV. In some cases,the arm can be separable from the UAV. Additional and/or replacementarms can be provided separately from the UAV. Arms can be provided forpurchase separate from the UAV. During use one or more of the arms onthe UAV can become damaged. The arm can be replaced with a new armwithout needing to replace the entire UAV.

The arm can be segmented by a joint 201. The joint 201 can connect tothe stem portion 202 on a proximal end of the joint. The joint 201 cancomprise one or more connection regions 604 for connecting to the stemportion. The connecting region can be an opening configured to acceptinsertion of the stem portion. The opening can form a snug fit with thestem portion such that the stem portion can be tightly fitted in theconnecting region. The connecting region can slide over the stemportion. In some cases, the connecting region and the stem portion cancomprise complementary mating features such as threads,slides/grooves/snaps, and/or magnets. In some cases, the connectingregion and the stem portion can comprise complementary threads such thatthe stem portion can be screwed into the connecting region.Alternatively, the connecting region and the stem portion can comprisecomplementary threads such that the connection region can be screwedinto the stem portion. In some cases, the connecting region can comprisea protrusion configured to fit into the stem portion. The protrusion canform a snug fit with the stem portion such that the protrusion can betightly fitted in the stem portion. The stem portion can slide over theprotrusion.

The stem portion and the joint can be separate pieces. The stem portionand the joint can be a single integral piece. The stem portion can beremovably connected to the joint. Alternatively, the stem portion can bepermanently connected to the joint, for example by a welded connectionor an adhesive bond. An internal passage can be provided between thestem portion and the joint.

The joint 201 can connect to one or more branch portions 203 on a distalend of the joint. The distal end of the joint can comprise one or moreconnection regions 601 for connecting to one or more branch portions203. Each connecting region can comprise a pivot region that permits abranch portion connected to the connection region to pivot about an axiswith respect to the stem portion when the branch portion is connected tothe connection region. A first connecting region can comprise a firstpivot region that allows a first branch portion to pivot about an axiswith respect to the stem portion. A second connecting region cancomprise a second pivot region that allows a second branch portion topivot about an axis with respect to the stem portion. The connectingregion can be an opening configured to accept insertion of the branchportion. The opening can form a snug fit with the branch portion suchthat the branch portion can be tightly fitted in the connecting region.The connecting region can slide over the branch portion. In some cases,the connecting region and the branch portion can comprise complementarymating features such as threads, slides/grooves/snaps, and/or magnets.In some cases, the connecting region and the branch portion can comprisecomplementary threads such that the branch portion can be screwed intothe connecting region. Alternatively, the connecting region and thebranch portion can comprise complementary threads such that theconnection region can be screwed into the branch portion. In some cases,the connecting region can comprise a protrusion configured to fit intothe branch portion. The protrusion can form a snug fit with the branchportion such that the protrusion can be tightly fitted in the branchportion. The branch portion can slide over the protrusion.

The joint can have a y-shape in cases where the joint connects a stemportion to two branch portions. Alternatively the joint can have anyother shapes, such as a V shape, a U-shape or a T-shape. In some cases,the joint can have a different shape when the joint connects a stemportion to one branch portion. The joint can have a substantiallystraight linear shape when the joint connects one branch portion to onestem portion. In some cases, the joint can connect a stem portion tomore than two branch portions. The joint can have an octopus, star, orasterisk shape when the joint connects a stem portion to more than twobranch portions.

The joint can comprise a locking mechanism configured to lock one ormore branch portions in predetermined position relative to the stemportion. Locking the one or more branch portions relative to the stemportion can permit the UAV to maintain stability during locomotion(e.g., flight). The locking mechanism can lock one or more branchportions in predetermined position relative to the stem portion when theUAV is in an extended state. The locking mechanism can optionally lockone or more branch portions in predetermined position relative to thestem portion when the UAV is in a compacted state.

The locking mechanism can be a mating interface. A mating interface canbe provided on an extension 605 of the joint. The locking mechanism canbe a mating interface that forms a rigid connection between the jointand a corresponding branch portion. The locking mechanism can permit thejoint and the branch portion to be locked and unlocked repeatedly. Thelocking mechanism can comprise a mating feature on either or both of thejoint and the arm. In some cases complementary mating features can beprovided on the joint and the arm.

The locking mechanism can comprise a sleeve. The sleeve can be acylindrical cap that can surround an outer surface of the extension ofthe joint and/or the branch portion. The sleeve can be coaxial and/orconcentric with a longitudinal axis of the extension of the joint and/orthe branch portion. The sleeve can slide along a longitudinal axis ofthe extension of the joint and/or the branch portion. The sleeve cancover at least a portion of an end of the branch portion. The sleeve cancover at least a portion of an end of the joint.

In some cases, the locking mechanism can comprise a threaded lockingmechanism. Alternatively the locking mechanism can comprise a pinlocking mechanism. The pin can pass through a branch portion and acorresponding stem portion. In some cases, the pin can pass only throughthe branch portion and the joint or only between the stem and the joint.When a threaded locking mechanism is used, the threaded lockingmechanism can include a threaded sleeve 602. The sleeve can be providedon either or both of the branch and a threaded extension on the joint.The threaded sleeve can comprise a cap with an inner threaded surface.The threaded sleeve can be permanently attached to the branch portion.The threaded sleeve can be an open cylindrical tube with a threadedinterior. The threaded sleeve can be a female half of a threadedconnection.

The threaded extension can be a tubular extension that protrudes fromthe joint. The threaded extension can have a threaded outer surface. Thethreaded extension can be a male half of a threaded connection. Thethreaded sleeve can be fitted over at least a portion of the branchportion. In an unlocked position the threaded sleeve can slide along thebranch portion. The threaded sleeve can spin around the branch portion.The threaded sleeve can translate a long a longitudinal axis of thebranch portion. In some cases, a clamp 603 can be provided on the branchto restrict movement of the sleeve to a fraction of the branch portion.The clamp can prevent the sleeve from sliding along the entire length ofthe branch portion while the branch portion is unlocked from the stemportion. Sliding of the sleeve along the length of the branch portioncan scratch and/or damage the branch portion. In some cases, abothersome noise can be generated by the sliding of the sleeve along thelength of the branch portion.

The branch portion can be locked in a position relative to the stem byaligning the branch portion with the threaded extension of the joint.When the branch portion is aligned with the threaded extension of thejoint a terminal end of the branch portion and a terminal end of thethreaded extension can be flush with one another. When the branchportion is aligned with the threaded extension of the joint, a terminalend of the branch can be fitted inside of a terminal end of the threadedextension. When the branch portion is aligned with the threadedextension of the joint, a terminal end of the branch can be fitted overthe terminal end of the threaded extension. Once the branch portion isaligned with the threaded extension of the joint, the threaded sleevecan be rotated to form a threaded connection between the sleeve and thethreaded extension. When the threaded connection is formed movement ofthe branch portion relative to the stem portion may not be permitted.The sleeve can isolate an inner portion of the joint from an ambientenvironment. The sleeve can also isolate an interface between the jointand the branch portion. The sleeve can isolate one or more channelsformed in an interior of the branch and/or the joint. The sleeve canprevent dust and/or water from contacting the inner portion of thejoint. The sleeve can form a water tight and/or air tight seal aroundthe inner portion of the joint.

When the branch portion is locked to the joint, the branch portion canbe prevented from moving relative to the stem portion and/or the joint.The branch portion can be prevented from moving laterally and/orrotationally relative to the stem portion and/or the joint when thebranch portion is locked to the joint. When the joint is locked to thebranch portion, a path that permits the branch portion to move can beblocked, such that the branch portion is prevented from moving relativeto the stem portion and/or the joint. When the joint is locked to thebranch portion, the branch portion can be connected to a portion of thejoint that is rigidly connected to the joint.

FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of the arm 103. The arm can comprise astem portion configured to be proximal to a central body of the UAV whenthe arm is connected to the UAV and one or more branch portionsconfigured to be distal to the central body of the UAV when the arm isconnected to the UAV. The arm can include a joint system configured toconnect the stem portion to one or more branch portions. When the arm isassembled the stem portion and/or one or more of the branch portions canbe inserted within a corresponding region of the joint system.

The joint system can comprise one or more extensions that protrude froma body 703 of the joint. The one or more extensions can be configured toprovide connection with the one or more branches. The one or moreextensions can comprise a mating feature. A mating feature can bethreads, pins, holes, grooves, protrusions, magnets, or any other matingfeature. When the extension is connected to one or more of the branchesa sleeve can be disposed over at least a portion of at least one of thestem portion, or the one or more branch portions and at least a portionof the corresponding threaded extensions (e.g., protrusions). The sleevecan comprise a mating feature that compliments the mating feature of theextension. In some cases the sleeve can have mating features such asthreads, pins, holes, grooves, protrusions, magnets, or any other matingfeature. The mating feature on either or both of the extension and thesleeve can be a threaded interface. The mating features on the extensionand the sleeve can be a guide and a protrusion respectively. The matingfeatures on the extension and the sleeve can be a protrusion and a guiderespectively.

The joint can include an arm connection component 701. The armconnection component can be fitted inside the extension. The armconnection component can provide a portion of a mating feature that canbe combined with the mating feature provided on the extension. In somecases, the arm connection component can comprise threads that can lineup with a partial thread pattern provided on the extension. When the armconnection component is fitted in the extension the thread pattern canbe complete and/or continuous.

The arm connection component can comprise a through hole. The throughhole can be sized and shaped to receive a pin 702. The arm connectioncomponent can rotate about the pin. When the arm connection component isconnected to the branch portion, the branch portion can rotate with thearm connection component about the pin. The through hole can be lineswith a bearing to permit smooth rotation of a pin in the through hole.The body of the joint can have a top hole and a second hole configuredto line up the through hole of the arm connection component when the armconnection component is fitted in the extension. The pin 702 can beinserted through the top hole, the through hole, and the bottom hole toconnect the arm connection component to the joint body. The branchportion can rotate and or pivot about the pin when the branch portion isin an unlocked position.

The branch portion can be permanently connected to the arm connectioncomponent. The arm component and the branch portion can comprisecomplementary mating features such as threads, grooves, hole/protrusion,or any other mating feature that permits permanent or removableconnection. The branch portion can be connected to the arm connectioncomponent when the branch portion is in a locked and unlocked position.The branch portion can be connected to the arm connection component whenthe branch portion is in a compacted and extended state.

The branch portion can only be movable relative to the stem portion whenthe branch portion is connected to the arm connection component and notthe extension. When the branch portion is locked, the branch portion canbe connected to the arm connection component and the extension, suchthat the branch portion may not be moveable relative to the stemportion.

A method of locking or unlocking the branch portion from the joint maybe provided. A user can have a UAV with one or more branch portions inan unlocked state. The user can rotate the one or more unlocked branchportions such that the branch portion is flush and/or collinear with anextension of the joint. The user can rotate the branch portion about thepin. The user can then lock the branch portion to the joint by forming alock between the branch portion and the joint with the lockingmechanism. In some cases, the locking mechanism can include a threadedsleeve described herein. The user can rotate the sleeve to engage thethreads of the sleeve with the threads on the extension until atightened threaded connection is formed. The connection can be fingertight to avoid over tightening. The user can reverse these steps tounlock the branch portion from the joint.

One or more propulsion units 102 can be attached to a distal end of eachof the branch portions. The propulsion unit can include one or morerotors. Each rotor can have one or more shafts configured to accept oneor more blades. Each rotor can comprise two or more blades. Each rotorcan comprise two or more shafts with each shaft configured to accept ablade. Each of the blades can be movable relative to other blades. Twoor more blades can be movable relative to one another. A first branchportion can be oriented relative to one or more other blanch portionssuch that blades connected to the distal end of the first branch portioncan rotate without contacting blades on any of the other branchportions. A first branch portion can be oriented relative to one or moreother blanch portions such that blades connected to the distal end ofthe first branch can rotate without destabilizing one or more blades onany of the other branch portions. A first branch portion can be orientedrelative to one or more other blanch portions such that blades connectedto the distal end of the first branch can rotate without fluiddynamically hindering one or more blades on any of the other branchportions.

In some cases, the arm can comprise one or more seals. The seals caninclude one or more o-ring, gasket, or snap ring. When the UAV operatesin an environment liquids and or dust can be present in the environment.When the UAV is operated in an agricultural environment the liquids andor dust can include agricultural products carried in a tank as a payloadof the UAV. The liquid and/or dust can damage the joint, thereforeproviding seals to prevent liquid and/or dust from entering the jointcan decrease or eliminate the probability of damage to the joint fromliquids and/or dust.

FIG. 8 shows an exploded view of the arm including the one or moreseals. The arm can comprise a stem portion 202 and one or more branchportions 203. The one or more branch portions 203 can be connected tothe stem portion by a joint 703. One or more rotors 102 can be providedon the distal ends of the branch portions. The one or more branchportions can be movable relative to the stem portion. The one or morebranch portions can be movable relative to the stem portion by rotationof the one or more branch portions about a pin 702. A sealing ring 801can be provided at a terminal end of the arm connection component. Oneor more seals can be provided at the terminal end of the arm connectioncomponent 701. When the arm connecting component is fitted in theextension the seal can be compressed between the end of the armconnection component and an inner surface of the body of the joint. Insome cases, the seal can be a sealing ring. The sealing ring can beprovided between the arm connecting component and at least one of thestem portion or one or more of the branch portions. In some cases, theseal can be provided by the sleeve described elsewhere herein.

A seal can be provided additionally or instead of the sealing ring 801on the sleeve. The seal on the sleeve can form an air and/or water tightseal between the sleeve and the branch portion on which the sleeve isprovided. The seal can be an o-ring or a gasket.

FIG. 9 shows another exploded view of the arm in which the branchportions are rotated towards the stem portion. The branch portions canbe rotated towards the stem portion at shown in FIG. 9 when the UAV isin a compacted state. The branch portions can be rotated towards thestem portion by a rotation about the pin. The pin can be fixed in placeby one or more circular guides 902. The circular guides can be attachedto the body of the joint.

In the view shown in FIG. 9, the inner surface 901 of the body of thejoint against which the sealing ring 801 is compressed by the armconnection component when the arm connection component is fitted in theextension is visible.

In some cases, the UAV can have an arm that provides an air tight and/orwater tight seal without including a physical seal. In some cases, thestem portion can be connected to one or more of the branch portions byscrewing the branch portion in the stem portion or screwing the stemportion into the branch portion. In the case in which the branch portionis screwed into the stem portion, the branch portion can have a smallerdiameter than the stem. A portion of the outer surface of the branchportion can be threaded and a portion of the inner surface of the stemportion can be threaded. Alternatively, in the case in which the stemportion is screwed into the branch portion, the branch portion can havea larger diameter than the stem portion. A portion of the inner surfaceof the branch portion can be threaded and a portion of the outer surfaceof the stem portion can be threaded.

In some instances, the UAV can have an arm that provides an air tightand/or water tight seal without including a physical seal. The seal canbe provided by a sleeve that connects the stem portion to the one ormore branch portions. The seal may directly connect the stem portion andthe one or more branch portions without including a join between thesleeve and the one or more branch portions. FIG. 10 shows an explodedview of an arm that includes a direct connection between a stem portionand one or more branch portions without including a joint. The armpermits formation of a water tight seal and/or an air tight seal withoutincluding a seal. The stem portion can be connected to a y-joint 1001.Any description herein of a y-joint may apply to any other type or shapeof joint that may support any number of branches. In some cases, thestem portion can be integrated with the y-joint. Alternatively, they-joint can be a separate piece from the stem and the stem can beconnected to the y-joint. The y-joint can comprise one or more threadedextensions.

The one or more branch portions can be threaded on at least a portion ofone of their ends. A threaded sleeve 1003 can be provided to connecteach branch portion to each of the corresponding threaded extensions. Insome cases, each of the threaded sleeves can be permanently strung alongthe length of a corresponding branch portion. Alternatively, the sleevescan be separable from the branch portions. The sleeves can be rotatableabout the length of the branch portion and the threaded extension. Thesleeves can have threads on their inner surface. The threads on theinner surface of the sleeves can be complementary to the threads on thethreaded extension and the threaded portion of the end of eachcorresponding branch portion. In some cases, the arm and branch portioncan be connected directly without including a sleeve. At least a portionof the branch portion can be fitted into the stem portion. At least aportion of the branch portion can be fitted over the stem portion. Thestem portion and the branch portion can be threaded together. The stemportion and the branch portion can be connected by a hole and pinconnection.

One or more brackets 1002 can be provided to permit rotation of the oneor more branch portions relative to the stem portion. In some cases, thebracket can comprise a c-shaped bracket, a cable, a flexible tether, ora rod. The bracket can be rigid. The bracket can be flexible in one ormore axis. The bracket can be semi-rigid. The bracket can permit thebranch portion to move relative to the stem portion. The bracket canremain in the same horizontal place as the stem portion as the UAV istransformed from a compacted state to an extended state. The bracket mayor may not permit vertical variation of the branch portion relative tothe stem portion. The bracket can be connected on one side to they-joint. On an opposite side, the bracket can be connected to acorresponding branch portion. The bracket may keep the correspondingbranch portion connected to the joint. The bracket can pivot about thepoint where it is connected to the y-joint. In some cases, the bracketcan also pivot about the point where it is connected to thecorresponding branch portion. The bracket can permit the one or morebranch portions to move laterally in a horizontal and/or verticaldirection relative to the stem portion. The bracket can permit the oneor more branch portions to rotate/change orientation relative to thestem portion.

In some cases, rotation of the rotors can naturally pull air downwardwhich can creates a negative pressure in the central body. The negativepressure can cause air to be sucked in through a vent provided on thecentral body. The suction of the air into the central body can occurnaturally and may be unforced. In some cases, the suction can be forcedby a negative pressure source such as a vacuum. In some cases, the airthat is sucked into the central body can provide cooling to one or morecomponents of the UAV such as rotors and/or electronic components.

The UAV can provide fluid to the one or more rotors on the distal endsof the branch portions through the hollow arms of the UAV. The fluid canbe ambient air that is sucked into the UAV passively or by a forcednegative pressure gradient. The fluid can be provided to cool the one ormore rotors during operation of the UAV to prevent the rotors fromoverheating. When the rotors over heat they can break down which cancause the UAV to lose control of its location and/or crash. In somecases, the fluid is a refrigerant provided to the rotors through aclosed loop heat exchanger system. In some cases, the fluid is air. Theair can be air taken from an ambient environment surrounding the UAV.The air can be cooled and/or filtered prior to delivering the air to theone or more rotors. The UAV can comprise an air suction system with oneor more chillers and/or filter provided to cool and purify the air priorto delivering the air to the one or more rotors.

FIG. 11 shows a UAV with the air suction system 1101. The air suctionsystem can be housed in the body of the UAV. The air suction system canpull air into the UAV. The air suction system can comprise a negativepressure source such as a vacuum pump. The air suction system can pullair into the UAV at a constant or variable rate.

The air suction system can filter and chill the air that is pulled intothe UAV. The air suction system can filter and heat air that is pulledinto the UAV. The air suction system can comprise one or more filters.The filters can be configured to remove particulates from the air. Thefilters can include one or more high efficiency particle arrestance(HEPA) filters. The filters can include one or more fiber glass filters.The filters can be disposable. The filters can be replaceable. Thefilters can be reusable. The filters can be washable. The air suctionsystem can comprise one or more chillers configured to decrease thetemperature of air that is pulled into the UAV. The chiller can be aheat exchanger. The heat exchanger can decrease the temperature of theair by conduction and/or convection. The chiller can decrease thetemperature of the air to a predetermined temperature.

After the air is chilled or heated and/or filtered the air can beprovided to the one or more rotors to cool or heat the rotors andprevent the rotors from overheating or overcooling respectively. In somesystems, the rotors can be exposed to ambient air and cooled by ambientair. In the UAV provided herein, the rotors can be sealed off fromambient air such that liquids and particulates present in the ambientair do not contact the rotor. As described herein, the air can be routedfrom the body of the UAV to the one or more rotors through the UAV armwhich includes the stem and one or more branch portions. An interiorspace between the stem portion and the one or more branch portions canbe sealed from the ambient by one or more of the sealing methodsdescribed herein. Sealing the interior space between the stem portionand the one or more branch portions can prevent outside dust and/orliquids from contaminating the air that has been purified and chilled bythe air suction system. The air delivered to the one or more rotors canbe chilled and free of particulates.

The arms of the UAV can be configured to provide fluid to the one ormore rotors of the one or more propulsion units. The fluid can be thechilled or heated air. The fluid can be filtered air. In some cases, thefluid can be a liquid such as water or a refrigerant. The arms cancomprise internal passageways configured to route the fluid from thecentral body of the UAV to the one or more rotors. The one or morerotors can be supported by the arm. The one or more rotors can beattached to a distal end of the arm. The one or more rotors can beattached to a distal end of the branch portion.

FIG. 17 shows an arm 1701 configured to provide fluid to the one or morerotors of the one or more propulsion units 1701. The arm can comprise astem portion 202. The stem portion can have one or more interior spaces1702. The arm can also have two or more branch portions 203 connected tothe stem portion by a joint 201. The one or more branch portions cancomprise an interior space 1703. The interior space of the stem portionand the interior space of the branch portion can be in fluidcommunication through an interior space of the joint 1704.

The stem portion can be hollow and the hollow portion of the stemportion form the interior space. The stem portion can comprise two ormore hollow tubes to form the interior space. The stem portion can beporous and the pores can form the interior space. In some cases, thepores can filter the fluid passing through the interior space of thestem portion. The interior space can be sealed from ambient air. Theinterior space can be open to ambient air and configured to entrainambient air. The interior space can comprise one or more diffusers. Theinterior space can comprise flow laminizers or turbulence generators.

The one or more branch portions can be hollow and the hollow portion ofthe one or more branch portions can form the interior space. The one ormore branch portions can comprise two or more hollow tubes to form theinterior space. The one or more branch portions can be porous and thepores can form the interior space. In some cases, the pores can filterthe fluid passing through the interior space of the one or more branchportions. The interior space can be sealed from ambient air. Theinterior space can be open to ambient air and configured to entrainambient air. The interior space can comprise one or more diffusers. Theinterior space can comprise flow laminizers or turbulence generators.

The joint can be hollow and the hollow portion of the joint can form theinterior space. The joint can comprise two or more hollow tubes to formthe interior space. The joint can be porous and the pores can form theinterior space. In some cases, the pores can filter the fluid passingthrough the interior space of the joint. The interior space can besealed from ambient air. The interior space can be open to ambient airand configured to entrain ambient air. The interior space can compriseone or more diffusers. The interior space can comprise flow laminizersor turbulence generators.

Fluid can flow from the central body of the UAV 104 to one or moremotors configured to drive the rotors of the propulsion system.Alternatively or additionally, fluid can flow from one or more motorsconfigured to drive the rotors of the propulsion system to the centralbody of the UAV 104. Fluid flow may not be permitted when the UAV is ina compacted state. The central body can include an interior space 1705.The central body interior space can convey fluid from the central bodyto the stem portion interior space. Flow from the central body to thestem portion can be passive or forced. Flow from the stem portion to thejoint can be passive or forced. Flow from the joint to the branchportion can be passive or forced. Fluid flow from the branch portion tothe propulsion unit can be passive or forced. In some cases, the centralbody can comprise a fan that aids in conveying flow from the centralbody to the stem portion. The central body can comprise a fan that aidin conveying flow to the one or more branch portions. The central bodycan comprise a vent that permits fluid to flow into the interior spaceof the central body.

In some cases, an arm of the UAV may or may not include the one or morebranch portions. An arm of the UAV can include only a stem portion. Anarm of the UAV can include only a branch portion. An arm of the UAV mayor may not be segmented into two or more portions. FIG. 19 shows a UAVwith a central body 104. One or more arms 1901 can extend from thecentral body. The one or more arms can be attached to the central bodyby a joint 1902. One or more components 1903 can be housed in the arm.The joint can have any of the characteristics of the joints describedherein. The arms can be moveable relative to the central body. The armscan translate relative to the central body. The arms can rotate relativeto the central body. The arms can move horizontally relative to thecentral body. The arms can move vertically relative to the central body.The arms can be moved from an extended state to a compacted state asdescribed herein.

The one or more arms can be in fluid communication with the body asdescribed herein. The one or more arms can comprise a hollow space topermit fluid communication. The hollow space can have thecharacteristics described herein. In some cases, the arm may be in fluidcommunication with the central body but not with one or more propulsionunits 102 attached to the arm. In some cases, fluid can be forced fromthe central body to one or more components 1903 in the one or more arms.The fluid can cool or heat the one or more components. The fluid can begas and/or liquid. The fluid can be air. In some cases, the one or morecomponents can be electrical components. The one or more components caninclude controllers, sensors, memory storage, processors, or any othercomponent on-board the UAV. In some cases, the components can include anelectronic speed control unit (ESC). The electronic speed control unitcan be in communication with one or more motors provided on thepropulsion unit. The electronic speed control unit can vary the speed ofthe one or more motors. One or more fans can be provided in the centralbody of the UAV and/or in the arms of the UAV to force fluid flow fromthe central body of the UAV to the arms. In some cases, the fan can bemounted on the arm.

Fluid can be forced to flow through the arm by a source of negative orpositive pressure configured to drive fluid flow. In some cases, thedevice configured to drive fluid flow can be a fan, a pump, an actuator,or any other powered device that generates a pressure differential. Thedriven flow can be forced. The driven flow may or may not occurnaturally. The driven flow may or may not occur passively. The drivenflow can occur in a direction opposite a naturally occurring pressuregradient. The device 2001 can be mounted to the arm as shown in FIG. 20.Alternatively the device can be attached to or housed in the propulsionunit and/or the central body of the UAV. Flow can be forced from thecentral body of the UAV to at least a portion of the arm. Flow cantravel from the central body of the UAV to a distance that is about 10%,20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100 of the length of the arm.The distance can be less than 10% of the length of the arm. The flow cantravel from the arm to the propulsion unit. The flow can travel from afirst location on the length of the arm to a second location on thelength of the arm. The flow may or may not enter the central body of theUAV. The flow may or may not reach the propulsion unit.

The one or more arms can be movable relative to the central body of theUAV. The arms can be moveable relative to the central body. The arms cantranslate relative to the central body. The arms can rotate relative tothe central body. The arms can move horizontally relative to the centralbody. The arms can move vertically relative to the central body. Thearms can be moved from an extended state to a compacted state asdescribed herein. FIG. 21 shows a UAV with a plurality of arms in acompacted state. The arms can be collinear in an extended state. Thearms can be parallel in a compacted state.

In some cases, one or more of the components of the UAV described hereincan be provided in a kit for assembling a UAV. The kit can be assembledby a user. The kit can be a “do it yourself” (DIY) kit. The kit cancomprise a plurality of arms including one or more stem portions and oneor more branch portions. The kit can include one or more joints forconnecting the stem portions with the one or more branch portions. Thejoints can permit the one or more branch portions to move relative tothe one or more stem portions. The kit can include instructions forbuilding one or more types of UAVs. The kit can include instructions forthe user to assemble the components such that when assembled by the userthe UAV has a central body and a plurality of arms that extend from thecentral body. The user can choose to vary the number of arms. Each armcan have one or more joints segment the arm into a stem portion proximalto the central body and one or more branch portions distal to thecentral body. The one or more joints can permit the one or more branchportions to move relative to the stem portion as described elsewhereherein. The assembled UAV can also have a plurality of rotors, eachrotor attached to the one or more joint portions.

The systems, devices, and methods described herein can be applied to awide variety of movable objects. As previously mentioned, anydescription herein of an aerial vehicle, such as a UAV, may apply to andbe used for any movable object. Any description herein of an aerialvehicle may apply specifically to UAVs. A movable object of the presentdisclosure can be configured to move within any suitable environment,such as in air (e.g., a fixed-wing aircraft, a rotary-wing aircraft, oran aircraft having neither fixed wings nor rotary wings), in water(e.g., a ship or a submarine), on ground (e.g., a motor vehicle, such asa car, truck, bus, van, motorcycle, bicycle; a movable structure orframe such as a stick, fishing pole; or a train), under the ground(e.g., a subway), in space (e.g., a spaceplane, a satellite, or aprobe), or any combination of these environments. The movable object canbe a vehicle, such as a vehicle described elsewhere herein. In someembodiments, the movable object can be carried by a living subject, ortake off from a living subject, such as a human or an animal. Suitableanimals can include avines, canines, felines, equines, bovines, ovines,porcines, delphines, rodents, or insects.

The movable object may be capable of moving freely within theenvironment with respect to six degrees of freedom (e.g., three degreesof freedom in translation and three degrees of freedom in rotation).Alternatively, the movement of the movable object can be constrainedwith respect to one or more degrees of freedom, such as by apredetermined path, track, or orientation. The movement can be actuatedby any suitable actuation mechanism, such as an engine or a motor. Theactuation mechanism of the movable object can be powered by any suitableenergy source, such as electrical energy, magnetic energy, solar energy,wind energy, gravitational energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, orany suitable combination thereof. The movable object may beself-propelled via a propulsion system, as described elsewhere herein.The propulsion system may optionally run on an energy source, such aselectrical energy, magnetic energy, solar energy, wind energy,gravitational energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, or any suitablecombination thereof. Alternatively, the movable object may be carried bya living being.

In some instances, the movable object can be an aerial vehicle. Forexample, aerial vehicles may be fixed-wing aircraft (e.g., airplane,gliders), rotary-wing aircraft (e.g., helicopters, rotorcraft), aircrafthaving both fixed wings and rotary wings, or aircraft having neither(e.g., blimps, hot air balloons). An aerial vehicle can beself-propelled, such as self-propelled through the air. A self-propelledaerial vehicle can utilize a propulsion system, such as a propulsionsystem including one or more engines, motors, wheels, axles, magnets,rotors, propellers, blades, nozzles, or any suitable combinationthereof. In some instances, the propulsion system can be used to enablethe movable object to take off from a surface, land on a surface,maintain its current position and/or orientation (e.g., hover), changeorientation, and/or change position.

The movable object can be controlled remotely by a user or controlledlocally by an occupant within or on the movable object. The movableobject may be controlled remotely via an occupant within a separatevehicle. In some embodiments, the movable object is an unmanned movableobject, such as a UAV. An unmanned movable object, such as a UAV, maynot have an occupant onboard the movable object. The movable object canbe controlled by a human or an autonomous control system (e.g., acomputer control system), or any suitable combination thereof. Themovable object can be an autonomous or semi-autonomous robot, such as arobot configured with an artificial intelligence.

The movable object can have any suitable size and/or dimensions. In someembodiments, the movable object may be of a size and/or dimensions tohave a human occupant within or on the vehicle. Alternatively, themovable object may be of size and/or dimensions smaller than thatcapable of having a human occupant within or on the vehicle. The movableobject may be of a size and/or dimensions suitable for being lifted orcarried by a human. Alternatively, the movable object may be larger thana size and/or dimensions suitable for being lifted or carried by ahuman. In some instances, the movable object may have a maximumdimension (e.g., length, width, height, diameter, diagonal) of less thanor equal to about: 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, or 10 m. Themaximum dimension may be greater than or equal to about: 2 cm, 5 cm, 10cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, or 10 m. For example, the distance betweenshafts of opposite rotors of the movable object may be less than orequal to about: 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, or 10 m.Alternatively, the distance between shafts of opposite rotors may begreater than or equal to about: 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m,or 10 m.

In some embodiments, the movable object may have a volume of less than100 cm×100 cm×100 cm, less than 50 cm×50 cm×30 cm, or less than 5 cm×5cm×3 cm. The total volume of the movable object may be less than orequal to about: 1 cm3, 2 cm3, 5 cm3, 10 cm3, 20 cm3, 30 cm3, 40 cm3, 50cm3, 60 cm3, 70 cm3, 80 cm3, 90 cm3, 100 cm3, 150 cm3, 200 cm3, 300 cm3,500 cm3, 750 cm3, 1000 cm3, 5000 cm3, 10,000 cm3, 100,000 cm33, 1 m3, or10 m3. Conversely, the total volume of the movable object may be greaterthan or equal to about: 1 cm3, 2 cm3, 5 cm3, 10 cm3, 20 cm3, 30 cm3, 40cm3, 50 cm3, 60 cm3, 70 cm3, 80 cm3, 90 cm3, 100 cm3, 150 cm3, 200 cm3,300 cm3, 500 cm3, 750 cm3, 1000 cm3, 5000 cm3, 10,000 cm3, 100,000 cm3,1 m3, or 10 m3.

In some embodiments, the movable object may have a footprint (which mayrefer to the lateral cross-sectional area encompassed by the movableobject) less than or equal to about: 32,000 cm2, 20,000 cm2, 10,000 cm2,1,000 cm2, 500 cm2, 100 cm2, 50 cm2, 10 cm2, or 5 cm2. Conversely, thefootprint may be greater than or equal to about: 32,000 cm2, 20,000 cm2,10,000 cm2, 1,000 cm2, 500 cm2, 100 cm2, 50 cm2, 10 cm2, or 5 cm2.

In some instances, the movable object may weigh no more than 1000 kg.The weight of the movable object may be less than or equal to about:1000 kg, 750 kg, 500 kg, 200 kg, 150 kg, 100 kg, 80 kg, 70 kg, 60 kg, 50kg, 45 kg, 40 kg, 35 kg, 30 kg, 25 kg, 20 kg, 15 kg, 12 kg, 10 kg, 9 kg,8 kg, 7 kg, 6 kg, 5 kg, 4 kg, 3 kg, 2 kg, 1 kg, 0.5 kg, 0.1 kg, 0.05 kg,or 0.01 kg. Conversely, the weight may be greater than or equal toabout: 1000 kg, 750 kg, 500 kg, 200 kg, 150 kg, 100 kg, 80 kg, 70 kg, 60kg, 50 kg, 45 kg, 40 kg, 35 kg, 30 kg, 25 kg, 20 kg, 15 kg, 12 kg, 10kg, 9 kg, 8 kg, 7 kg, 6 kg, 5 kg, 4 kg, 3 kg, 2 kg, 1 kg, 0.5 kg, 0.1kg, 0.05 kg, or 0.01 kg.

In some embodiments, a movable object may be small relative to a loadcarried by the movable object. The load may include a payload and/or acarrier, as described in further detail elsewhere herein. In someexamples, a ratio of a movable object weight to a load weight may begreater than, less than, or equal to about 1:1. In some instances, aratio of a movable object weight to a load weight may be greater than,less than, or equal to about 1:1. Optionally, a ratio of a carrierweight to a load weight may be greater than, less than, or equal toabout 1:1. When desired, the ratio of an movable object weight to a loadweight may be less than or equal to: 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, or evenless. Conversely, the ratio of a movable object weight to a load weightcan also be greater than or equal to: 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, or evengreater.

In some embodiments, the movable object may have low energy consumption.For example, the movable object may use less than about: 5 W/h, 4 W/h, 3W/h, 2 W/h, 1 W/h, or less. In some instances, a carrier of the movableobject may have low energy consumption. For example, the carrier may useless than about: 5 W/h, 4 W/h, 3 W/h, 2 W/h, 1 W/h, or less. Optionally,a payload of the movable object may have low energy consumption, such asless than about: 5 W/h, 4 W/h, 3 W/h, 2 W/h, 1 W/h, or less.

FIG. 12 illustrates an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 1200, in accordancewith embodiments of the present disclosure. The UAV may be an example ofa movable object as described herein. The UAV 1200 can include apropulsion system having four rotors 1202, 1204, 1206, and 1208. Anynumber of rotors may be provided (e.g., one, two, three, four, five,six, or more). The rotors, rotor assemblies, or other propulsion systemsof the unmanned aerial vehicle may enable the unmanned aerial vehicle tohover/maintain position, change orientation, and/or change location. Thedistance between shafts of opposite rotors can be any suitable length1210. For example, the length 1210 can be less than or equal to 2 m, orless than equal to 5 m. In some embodiments, the length 1210 can bewithin a range from 40 cm to 1 m, from 10 cm to 2 m, or from 5 cm to 5m. Any description herein of a UAV may apply to a movable object, suchas a movable object of a different type, and vice versa. The UAV may usean assisted takeoff system or method as described herein.

In some embodiments, the movable object can be configured to carry aload. The load can include one or more of passengers, cargo, equipment,instruments, and the like. The load can be provided within a housing.The housing may be separate from a housing of the movable object, or bepart of a housing for a movable object. Alternatively, the load can beprovided with a housing while the movable object does not have ahousing. Alternatively, portions of the load or the entire load can beprovided without a housing. The load can be rigidly fixed relative tothe movable object. Optionally, the load can be movable relative to themovable object (e.g., translatable or rotatable relative to the movableobject). The load can include a payload and/or a carrier, as describedelsewhere herein.

In some embodiments, the movement of the movable object, carrier, andpayload relative to a fixed reference frame (e.g., the surroundingenvironment) and/or to each other, can be controlled by a terminal. Theterminal can be a remote control device at a location distant from themovable object, carrier, and/or payload. The terminal can be disposed onor affixed to a support platform. Alternatively, the terminal can be ahandheld or wearable device. For example, the terminal can include asmartphone, tablet, laptop, computer, glasses, gloves, helmet,microphone, or suitable combinations thereof. The terminal can include auser interface, such as a keyboard, mouse, joystick, touchscreen, ordisplay. Any suitable user input can be used to interact with theterminal, such as manually entered commands, voice control, gesturecontrol, or position control (e.g., via a movement, location or tilt ofthe terminal).

The terminal can be used to control any suitable state of the movableobject, carrier, and/or payload. For example, the terminal can be usedto control the position and/or orientation of the movable object,carrier, and/or payload relative to a fixed reference from and/or toeach other. In some embodiments, the terminal can be used to controlindividual elements of the movable object, carrier, and/or payload, suchas the actuation assembly of the carrier, a sensor of the payload, or anemitter of the payload. The terminal can include a wirelesscommunication device adapted to communicate with one or more of themovable object, carrier, or payload.

The terminal can include a suitable display unit for viewing informationof the movable object, carrier, and/or payload. For example, theterminal can be configured to display information of the movable object,carrier, and/or payload with respect to position, translationalvelocity, translational acceleration, orientation, angular velocity,angular acceleration, or any suitable combinations thereof. In someembodiments, the terminal can display information provided by thepayload, such as data provided by a functional payload (e.g., imagesrecorded by a camera or other image capturing device).

Optionally, the same terminal may both control the movable object,carrier, and/or payload, or a state of the movable object, carrierand/or payload, as well as receive and/or display information from themovable object, carrier and/or payload. For example, a terminal maycontrol the positioning of the payload relative to an environment, whiledisplaying image data captured by the payload, or information about theposition of the payload. Alternatively, different terminals may be usedfor different functions. For example, a first terminal may controlmovement or a state of the movable object, carrier, and/or payload whilea second terminal may receive and/or display information from themovable object, carrier, and/or payload. For example, a first terminalmay be used to control the positioning of the payload relative to anenvironment while a second terminal displays image data captured by thepayload. Various communication modes may be utilized between a movableobject and an integrated terminal that both controls the movable objectand receives data, or between the movable object and multiple terminalsthat both control the movable object and receives data. For example, atleast two different communication modes may be formed between themovable object and the terminal that both controls the movable objectand receives data from the movable object.

FIG. 13 illustrates a movable object 1300 including a carrier 1302 and apayload 1304, in accordance with embodiments. Although the movableobject 1300 is depicted as an aircraft, this depiction is not intendedto be limiting, and any suitable type of movable object can be used, aspreviously described herein. One of skill in the art would appreciatethat any of the embodiments described herein in the context of aircraftsystems can be applied to any suitable movable object (e.g., a UAV). Insome instances, the payload 1304 may be provided on the movable object1300 without requiring the carrier 1302. The movable object 1300 mayinclude propulsion mechanisms 1306, a sensing system 1308, and acommunication system 1310.

The propulsion mechanisms 1306 can include one or more of rotors,propellers, blades, engines, motors, wheels, axles, magnets, or nozzles,as previously described. The movable object may have one or more, two ormore, three or more, or four or more propulsion mechanisms. Thepropulsion mechanisms may all be of the same type. Alternatively, one ormore propulsion mechanisms can be different types of propulsionmechanisms. The propulsion mechanisms 1306 can be mounted on the movableobject 1300 using any suitable means, such as a support element (e.g., adrive shaft) as described elsewhere herein. The propulsion mechanisms1306 can be mounted on any suitable portion of the movable object 1300,such on the top, bottom, front, back, sides, or suitable combinationsthereof.

In some embodiments, the propulsion mechanisms 1306 can enable themovable object 1300 to take off vertically from a surface or landvertically on a surface without requiring any horizontal movement of themovable object 1300 (e.g., without traveling down a runway). Optionally,the propulsion mechanisms 1306 can be operable to permit the movableobject 1300 to hover in the air at a specified position and/ororientation. One or more of the propulsion mechanisms 1306 may becontrolled independently of the other propulsion mechanisms.Alternatively, the propulsion mechanisms 1306 can be configured to becontrolled simultaneously. For example, the movable object 1300 can havemultiple horizontally oriented rotors that can provide lift and/orthrust to the movable object. The multiple horizontally oriented rotorscan be actuated to provide vertical takeoff, vertical landing, andhovering capabilities to the movable object 1200. In some embodiments,one or more of the horizontally oriented rotors may spin in a clockwisedirection, while one or more of the horizontally rotors may spin in acounterclockwise direction. For example, the number of clockwise rotorsmay be equal to the number of counterclockwise rotors. The rotation rateof each of the horizontally oriented rotors can be varied independentlyin order to control the lift and/or thrust produced by each rotor, andthereby adjust the spatial disposition, velocity, and/or acceleration ofthe movable object 1300 (e.g., with respect to up to three degrees oftranslation and up to three degrees of rotation).

The sensing system 1308 can include one or more sensors that may sensethe spatial disposition, velocity, and/or acceleration of the movableobject 1300 (e.g., with respect to up to three degrees of translationand up to three degrees of rotation). The one or more sensors caninclude global positioning system (GPS) sensors, motion sensors,inertial sensors, proximity sensors, or image sensors. The sensing dataprovided by the sensing system 1308 can be used to control the spatialdisposition, velocity, and/or orientation of the movable object 1300(e.g., using a suitable processing unit and/or control module, asdescribed below). Alternatively, the sensing system 1308 can be used toprovide data regarding the environment surrounding the movable object,such as weather conditions, proximity to potential obstacles, locationof geographical features, location of manmade structures, and the like.

The communication system 1310 enables communication with terminal 1312having a communication system 1314 via wireless signals 1316. Thecommunication systems 1310, 1314 may include any number of transmitters,receivers, and/or transceivers suitable for wireless communication. Thecommunication may be one-way communication, such that data can betransmitted in only one direction. For example, one-way communicationmay involve only the movable object 1300 transmitting data to theterminal 1312, or vice-versa. The data may be transmitted from one ormore transmitters of the communication system 1310 to one or morereceivers of the communication system 1312, or vice-versa.Alternatively, the communication may be two-way communication, such thatdata can be transmitted in both directions between the movable object1300 and the terminal 1312. The two-way communication can involvetransmitting data from one or more transmitters of the communicationsystem 1310 to one or more receivers of the communication system 1314,and vice-versa.

In some embodiments, the terminal 1312 can provide control data to oneor more of the movable object 1300, carrier 1302, and payload 1304 andreceive information from one or more of the movable object 1300, carrier1302, and payload 1304 (e.g., position and/or motion information of themovable object, carrier or payload; data sensed by the payload such asimage data captured by a payload camera). In some instances, controldata from the terminal may include instructions for relative positions,movements, actuations, or controls of the movable object, carrier and/orpayload. For example, the control data may result in a modification ofthe location and/or orientation of the movable object (e.g., via controlof the propulsion mechanisms 1306), or a movement of the payload withrespect to the movable object (e.g., via control of the carrier 1302).The control data from the terminal may result in control of the payload,such as control of the operation of a camera or other image capturingdevice (e.g., taking still or moving pictures, zooming in or out,turning on or off, switching imaging modes, change image resolution,changing focus, changing depth of field, changing exposure time,changing viewing angle or field of view). In some instances, thecommunications from the movable object, carrier and/or payload mayinclude information from one or more sensors (e.g., of the sensingsystem 1308 or of the payload 1304). The communications may includesensed information from one or more different types of sensors (e.g.,GPS sensors, motion sensors, inertial sensor, proximity sensors, orimage sensors). Such information may pertain to the position (e.g.,location, orientation), movement, or acceleration of the movable object,carrier and/or payload. Such information from a payload may include datacaptured by the payload or a sensed state of the payload. The controldata provided transmitted by the terminal 1312 can be configured tocontrol a state of one or more of the movable object 1300, carrier 1302,or payload 1304. Alternatively or in combination, the carrier 1302 andpayload 1304 can also each include a communication module configured tocommunicate with terminal 1312, such that the terminal can communicatewith and control each of the movable object 1300, carrier 1302, andpayload 1304 independently.

In some embodiments, the movable object 1300 can be configured tocommunicate with another remote device in addition to the terminal 1312,or instead of the terminal 1312. The terminal 1312 may also beconfigured to communicate with another remote device as well as themovable object 1300. For example, the movable object 1300 and/orterminal 1312 may communicate with another movable object, or a carrieror payload of another movable object. When desired, the remote devicemay be a second terminal or other computing device (e.g., computer,laptop, tablet, smartphone, or other mobile device). The remote devicecan be configured to transmit data to the movable object 1300, receivedata from the movable object 1300, transmit data to the terminal 1312,and/or receive data from the terminal 1312. Optionally, the remotedevice can be connected to the Internet or other telecommunicationsnetwork, such that data received from the movable object 1300 and/orterminal 1312 can be uploaded to a website or server.

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration by way of block diagram of a system1400 for controlling a movable object, in accordance with embodiments.The system 1400 can be used in combination with any suitable embodimentof the systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein. The system 1400can include a sensing module 1402, processing unit 1404, non-transitorycomputer readable medium 1406, control module 1408, and communicationmodule 1410.

The sensing module 1402 can utilize different types of sensors thatcollect information relating to the movable objects in different ways.Different types of sensors may sense different types of signals orsignals from different sources. For example, the sensors can includeinertial sensors, GPS sensors, proximity sensors (e.g., lidar), orvision/image sensors (e.g., a camera). The sensing module 1402 can beoperatively coupled to a processing unit 1404 having a plurality ofprocessors. In some embodiments, the sensing module can be operativelycoupled to a transmission module 1412 (e.g., a Wi-Fi image transmissionmodule) configured to directly transmit sensing data to a suitableexternal device or system. For example, the transmission module 1412 canbe used to transmit images captured by a camera of the sensing module1402 to a remote terminal.

The processing unit 1404 can have one or more processors, such as aprogrammable processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)). Theprocessing unit 1404 can be operatively coupled to a non-transitorycomputer readable medium 1406. The non-transitory computer readablemedium 1406 can store logic, code, and/or program instructionsexecutable by the processing unit 1404 for performing one or more steps.The non-transitory computer readable medium can include one or morememory units (e.g., removable media or external storage such as an SDcard or random access memory (RAM)). In some embodiments, data from thesensing module 1402 can be directly conveyed to and stored within thememory units of the non-transitory computer readable medium 1406. Thememory units of the non-transitory computer readable medium 1406 canstore logic, code and/or program instructions executable by theprocessing unit 1404 to perform any suitable embodiment of the methodsdescribed herein. For example, the processing unit 1404 can beconfigured to execute instructions causing one or more processors of theprocessing unit 1404 to analyze sensing data produced by the sensingmodule. The memory units can store sensing data from the sensing moduleto be processed by the processing unit 1404. In some embodiments, thememory units of the non-transitory computer readable medium 1406 can beused to store the processing results produced by the processing unit1404.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 can be operatively coupledto a control module 1408 configured to control a state of the movableobject. For example, the control module 1408 can be configured tocontrol the propulsion mechanisms of the movable object to adjust thespatial disposition, velocity, and/or acceleration of the movable objectwith respect to six degrees of freedom. Alternatively or in combination,the control module 1408 can control one or more of a state of a carrier,payload, or sensing module.

The processing unit 1404 can be operatively coupled to a communicationmodule 1410 configured to transmit and/or receive data from one or moreexternal devices (e.g., a terminal, display device, or other remotecontroller). Any suitable means of communication can be used, such aswired communication or wireless communication. For example, thecommunication module 1410 can utilize one or more of local area networks(LAN), wide area networks (WAN), infrared, radio, WiFi, point-to-point(P2P) networks, telecommunication networks, cloud communication, and thelike. Optionally, relay stations, such as towers, satellites, or mobilestations, can be used. Wireless communications can be proximitydependent or proximity independent. In some embodiments, line-of-sightmay or may not be required for communications. The communication module1410 can transmit and/or receive one or more of sensing data from thesensing module 1402, processing results produced by the processing unit1404, predetermined control data, user commands from a terminal orremote controller, and the like.

The components of the system 1400 can be arranged in any suitableconfiguration. For example, one or more of the components of the system1400 can be located on the movable object, carrier, payload, terminal,sensing system, or an additional external device in communication withone or more of the above. Additionally, although FIG. 14 depicts asingle processing unit 1404 and a single non-transitory computerreadable medium 1406, one of skill in the art would appreciate that thisis not intended to be limiting, and that the system 1400 can include aplurality of processing units and/or non-transitory computer readablemedia. In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of processingunits and/or non-transitory computer readable media can be situated atdifferent locations, such as on the movable object, carrier, payload,terminal, sensing module, additional external device in communicationwith one or more of the above, or suitable combinations thereof, suchthat any suitable aspect of the processing and/or memory functionsperformed by the system 1400 can occur at one or more of theaforementioned locations.

While some embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown anddescribed herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art thatsuch embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerousvariations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilledin the art without departing from the disclosure. It should beunderstood that various alternatives to the embodiments of thedisclosure described herein may be employed in practicing thedisclosure. It is intended that the following claims define the scope ofthe invention and that methods and structures within the scope of theseclaims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

What is claimed is:
 1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising: acentral body; a plurality of arms extending out from the central body,each arm of the plurality of arms including: a stem portion comprising astem interior space; one or more branch portions, each branch portioncomprising a branch interior space; and a joint connecting the stemportion and the one or more branch portions, the joint comprising ajoint interior space and being configured to move the one or more branchportions relative to the stem portion; and a plurality of propulsionunits, each propulsion unit being attached to a corresponding arm of theplurality of arms, wherein the stem interior space, the branch interiorspace, and the joint interior space are configured to provide aninternal passageway to permit electrical routing between the centralbody and the plurality of propulsion units.
 2. The UAV of claim 1,wherein the electrical routing includes one or more electricaltransmission lines that are disposed within the internal passageway andconfigured to route through the stem portion, a portion of the joint,and/or the one or more branch portions.
 3. The UAV of claim 2, whereineach of the plurality of propulsion units comprises a motor, and the oneor more electrical transmission lines are configured to transmitelectrical signals to and from each motor of the plurality of propulsionunits for controlling the UAV.
 4. The UAV of claim 1, further comprisingone or more electrical components disposed within the internalpassageway, wherein the one or more electrical components include atleast one of a controller, a sensor, a memory storage, a processor, aflight control unit, an electronic speed control (ESC) unit, anavigation unit, a communication unit, or a power unit.
 5. The UAV ofclaim 4, wherein the electrical routing is configured to provideelectrical communication between the one or more electrical componentsand the plurality of propulsion units.
 6. The UAV of claim 1, whereinthe internal passageway is in fluid communication to route fluid fromthe central body to the plurality of propulsion units.
 7. The UAV ofclaim 6, wherein the fluid is liquid or gas.
 8. The UAV of claim 6,wherein central body comprises a fluid suction system configured to pullthe fluid into the central body of the UAV.
 9. The UAV of claim 8,wherein the fluid suction system comprises a pump configured to providea pressure differential to pull the fluid into the central body of theUAV.
 10. The UAV of claim 6, wherein the central body or the pluralityof arms further comprise one or more chillers, heaters, or filtersconfigured to cool, heat, or purify the fluid before the fluid is driveninto the plurality of arms.
 11. The UAV of claim 6, wherein the centralbody, the plurality of arms, or the plurality of propulsion units arecoupled to a fluid flow driver configured to provide a pressuredifferential to drive the fluid from the central body into the pluralityof arms.
 12. The UAV of claim 11, wherein the fluid flow driver includesa fan, a pump, an actuator, or a powered driving device.
 13. The UAV ofclaim 6, further comprising one or more electrical components disposedwithin the internal passageway, wherein the internal passageway isconfigured to permit the fluid to flow through the one or moreelectrical components for cooling or heating the one or more electricalcomponents and the electrical routing during operation of the UAV. 14.The UAV of claim 6, wherein each of the one or more propulsion unitscomprises a motor, and the internal passageway is configured to routethe fluid from the central body to the motor for cooling or heating themotor during operation of the UAV.
 15. The UAV of claim 6, wherein thestem interior space, the branch interior space, or the joint interiorspace further comprises a seal, and the seal is configured to preventthe fluid routed by the plurality of arms from being contaminated byambient fluid outside the UAV.
 16. An arm configured to support apropulsion unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), comprising: a stemportion comprising a stem interior space; one or more branch portions,each branch portion comprising a branch interior space; and a jointconnecting the stem portion and the one or more branch portions, thejoint comprising a joint interior space and being configured to move theone or more branch portions relative to the stem portion, wherein thestem interior space, the branch interior space, and the joint interiorspace are configured to provide an internal passageway to permitelectrical routing between a central body of the UAV and one or morepropulsion units attached to the one or more branch portions.
 17. Thearm of claim 16, wherein the electrical routing includes one or moreelectrical transmission lines that are disposed within the internalpassageway and configured to route through the stem portion, a portionof the joint, and/or the one or more branch portions.
 18. The arm ofclaim 17, wherein each of the one or more propulsion units comprises amotor, and the one or more electrical transmission lines are configuredto transmit electrical signals to and from each motor of the one or morepropulsion units for controlling the UAV.
 19. The arm of claim 16,further comprising one or more electrical components disposed within theinternal passageway, wherein the electrical routing is configured toprovide electrical communication between the one or more electricalcomponents and the one or more propulsion units.
 20. The arm of claim19, wherein the internal passageway is in fluid communication to routefluid from the central body to the one or more propulsion units forcooling or heating the one or more electrical components and theelectrical routing during operation of the UAV.